Mass Percentage - Definition and Example

Mass percentage is one way of representing the concentration of an element in a compound or a component in a mixture. Mass percentage is calculated as the mass of a component divided by the total mass of the mixture, multiplied by 100%. Also Known As: mass percent, (w/w)% Mass Percentage Formula Mass percent is the mass of the element or solute divided by the mass of the compound or solute. The result is multiplied by 100 to give a percent. The formula for the amount of an element in a compound is: mass percent (mass of element in 1 mole of compound / mass of 1 mole of compound) x 100 The formula for a solution is: mass percent (grams of solute / grams of solute plus solvent) x 100 or mass percent (grams of solute / grams of solution) x 100 The final answer is given as %. Mass Percentage Examples Example 1: Ordinary bleach is 5.25% NaOCl by mass, which means each 100 g of bleach contains 5.25 g NaOCl. Example 2: Find the mass percentage of 6 g sodium hydroxide dissolved in 50 g of water. (Note: since the density of water is nearly 1, this type of question often gives the volume of water in milliliters.) First find the total mass of the solution: total mass 6 g sodium hydroxide 50 g watertotal mass 56 g Now, you can find the mass percentage of the sodium hydroxide using the formula: mass percent (grams of solute / grams of solution) x 100mass percent (6 g NaOH / 56 g solution) x 100mass percent (0.1074) x 100answer 10.74% NaOH Example 3: Find the masses of sodium chloride and water required to obtain 175 g of a 15% solution. This problem is a bit different because it gives you the mass percentage and asks you to then find how much solute and solvent are needed to yield a total mass of 175 grams. Start with the usual equation and fill in the given information: mass percent (grams solute / grams solution) x 10015% (x grams sodium chloride / 175 g total) x 100 Solving for x will give you the amount of NaCl: x 15 x 175 / 100x 26.25 grams NaCl So, now you know how much salt is needed. The solution consists of the sum of the amount of salt and water. Simply subtract the mass of salt from the solution to obtain the mass of water that is required: mass of water total mass - mass of saltmass of water 175 g - 26.25 gmass of water 147.75 g Example 4: What is the mass percent of hydrogen in water? First, you need the formula for water, which is H2O. Next you look up the mass for 1 mole of hydrogen and oxygen (the atomic masses) using a periodic table. hydrogen mass 1.008 grams per moleoxygen mass 16.00 grams per mole Next, you use the mass percentage formula. The key to performing the calculation correctly is to note there are 2 atoms of hydrogen in each water molecule. So, in 1 mole of water there are 2 x 1.008 grams of hydrogen. The total mass of the compound is the sum of the mass of the two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. mass percent (mass of element in 1 mole of compound / mass of 1 mole of compound) x 100mass percent hydrogen [(2 x 1.008) / (2 x 1.008 16.00)] x 100mass percent hydrogen (2.016 / 18.016) x 100mass percentage hydrogen 11.19%

What Makes Advertising Effective - 1951 Words

Executive Summary (300 words) The aim of this literary review is to look over the knowledge and ideas that have been established on the topic of what makes advertising effective, and to discuss their strengths and weaknesses, using a critical approach of it. In order to do that, we have based effective advertising on three categories (environment, message strategy and media strategy) and, inside these categories, we will explain five factors that influence greatly the effectiveness of advertising. These factors are: †¢ Market research. †¢ Target market. †¢ Positioning. †¢ Message appeal (emotional and rational). †¢ Un factor sobre Media Strategy: Originality? Moreover, we have analysed deeply a specialist area of advertising, the broadcast†¦show more content†¦Kover et al. (1995) defines effectiveness in advertising as ‘‘the ability of an announcement to produce interest in purchase or use the good or service it is promoting’’ (Kover, Goldberg and James, 1995). Many researchers have tried to establish a link between the content and effectiveness of advertisements, and this will help us to identify some general factors that affect advertising, in order to recognize which one can maximize the desired effectiveness. But first, we should give a useful definition of advertising. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica (2015), advertising are ‘‘the techniques and practices used to bring products, services, opinions, or causes to public notice for the purpose of persuading the public to respond in a certain way toward what is advertised’’. Meanwhile, Belch and Belch (2009, p.18) describe advertising as ‘‘any paid form of impersonal communication about an organization, product, service or idea by an identified sponsor’’. It is important to highlight the impersonal component of this second definition, since nowadays, the most of the occasions, advertisements focus on mass audiences, instead of being directed to a specific target audience, because these target audiences are expected to be among the mass media receivers. Furthermore, we must consider the last definition more complete, as it tells the advertiser that since there will not

Project Management For Operators of Large Assets -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProject Management For Operators of Large Assets for Components. Answer: Introduction System thinking is a problem solving technique in which a given problem is viewed as sourcing from the interconnection and interaction of multiple variables of a given system. it solves a given problem through modelling and establishing the relationship that prevail among the system components while evaluating the likely behavior that may arise as a result of the interaction of the components. How system thinking can be used When using system thinking approach of solving a problematic phenomenon, five logical steps should be followed which include; Problem articulation; this is the first step and it involves the process of identifying the potential cause of the problem Formulating a dynamic hypothesis; it involves the making of a tentative statement regarding the relationship of the components Formulation of the simulation model Testing, this involves practical testing of the problem to determine the hypothesis facts and evidences Evaluation and Policy design; this step involves analyzing the results and making of conclusion based on the attained results Relevance of system think System thinking is relevant in projects and programs. It helps in achieving coordination, the ability to track and manage the inter-dependencies among the system components. It is also important in achieving quality delivery. Being able to manipulate the different variables of a system helps in attaining timely delivery within a well-planned budget. Other advantages include value maintenance, effective information exchange, and trust among others. Evidence Levin and Cross (2004) show that system clarifies that system thinking plays an integral role in manipulating the interdependency of different system components and evaluating to come with a joint outcome fir the problem in question. Discussion and conclusion System thinking is one of the most recommendable casual model for solving the dynamics of outsourcing projects. In the opinion of the researcher, the generalization of system thinking results can be applied in different instances, which may include application of system thinking model to different cases, and this follows the TE-generalization (Lee and Baskervile 2003). Project managers and engineers may adopt this model in solving project, and program problems References Lee, A. S. and Baskervile, R. L. (2003), Generalizing generalizability in information systems research, Information Systems Research, Vol. 14 No. 3, pp. 221243. Levin, D. Z. and Cross, R. (2004), The strength of weak ties you can trust: The mediating role of trust in effective knowledge transfer, Management Science, Vol. 50 No. 11, pp. 14771490.

Space Flight Essay Research Paper Space Flight free essay sample

Space Flight Essay, Research Paper Space Flight On May 25, 1961, John F. Kennedy delivered one of the most memorable State of the Union addresses in the history of the United States. ? I believe that this state should perpetrate itself to accomplishing the end, before this decennary is out, of set downing a adult male on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth? ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cs.umb.edu/jfklibrary, President John F. Kennedy # 8217 ; s Particular Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs ) . With those words, Kennedy launched a new epoch of infinite geographic expedition in the United States. Although the National Aeronautics And Space Administration was created in 1958 by the National Aeronautics and Space Act ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hq.nasa.gov, Key Documents ) , and the Russians already launched the first orbiter into infinite in 1957, the US was still at a base still on the topic. What the state needed was a wake-up call, and that is precisely what it got from one of the most fa med talkers in its history. We will write a custom essay sample on Space Flight Essay Research Paper Space Flight or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The new epoch promised much, but expected small. From USA? s battle to be the dominant universe power in the Cold War Era, to the careless depletion of natural resources in the Information Age, infinite geographic expedition and spacemans were and will be the existent keys to the new millenary and beyond. Before looking into the hereafter, or even measuring the present, one must look in item at the history of the infinite undertaking. The missions that gave scientists and engineers the necessary informations and experience to do new, safer, more dependable and intricate equipment were launched long before there was realistic talk of directing investigations to Mars. The spacemans that helped determine the preparation plans, took the whippings of crude flight trials, and died in order to function their state were born before World War II. And even the Russian Space Program was important to what the infinite plan is today. It fueled competition, and provided more resources for American applied scientists. Until Apollo 11, they were in front of the Americans in about everyway, with their launch of Sputnik, a remote-controlled orbiter in 1957, and their countless number ones in revolving and infinite walks. Yuri Gagarin was the first adult male in infinite. Although most of the missions that have been launched have been of import in their ain ways, some missions merely stand out, whether it was the first measure on the Moon, or the first mission to Mars. NASA? s foremost high profile plan was Project Mercury, an attempt to larn if worlds could last in infinite. It was the preliminary to the ulterior missions, and it gave NASA the necessary informations to construct better, and more comfy ships for worlds to remain in infinite for extended periods of clip. The first launch of the Mercury plan was the LJ-1 on August 21, 1959. At 35 proceedingss before launch, emptying of the country had been continuing on agenda. Suddenly, half an hr before launch-time, an explosive flash occurred. When the fume cleared it was apparent that merely the capsule-and-tower combination had been launched, on a flight similar to an off-the-pad abort ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ksc.nasa.gov, Mercury: LJ-1 ) . The first mildly successful ballistic capsule launch occurred September 9, 1959. Although the BJ-1 ship experienced some jobs, and the timing on some of the separation processs was away, the capsule made it back to earth some seven hours after lift-off. The capsule orbited the Earth for about 13 proceedingss ( Mercury: BJ-1 ) . Mercury mission MA-5 was the first to transport unrecorded beings into sub-orbit. Although Enos # 8211 ; a Pan troglodytes, was non a perfect replacement for a human, he served as a good trial for the environmental controls of the capsule. He orbited the Earth in entire lightness for over three hours and upon landing was in perfect physical status ( Mercury: MA-5 ) . On May 5, 1961, Freedom 7 was the first launch to transport worl ds into infinite. Alan B. Shepard, Jr. was the lone crewmember, and the successful mission lasted for over 15 proceedingss ( Mercury: MR-3 ) . More manned flights from the Mercury series followed, highlighted by the Friendship 7, where on February 20, 1962, John Glenn was the first American in existent orbit, and he orbited the Earth three times for a small under five hours ( Mercury: MA-6 ) . The last mission from the Mercury undertaking came on May 15, 1963, where L. Gordon Cooper was in orbit in the Faith 7 for over a twenty-four hours. Entire weightless clip was over 34 hours, and the mission was celebrated and deemed more than successful ( Mercury: MA-9 ) . Gemini missions followed which built on the success of the Mercury flights, and fundamentally followed the same lineations, except with a crew of two spacemans. The most monumental plan in the history of the US came following, following the late President Kennedy? s mission of set downing a individual on the Moon. The Apollo undertaking featured many mileposts, and besides some reverses. The Apollo 1 mission was a immense failure as spacemans Virgil Grissom, Edward White, and Roger Chaffee lost their lives when a fire swept through the Command Module ( Apollo 1 ) . After a few more trial flights, Apollo 8, launched on December 21, 1968, was the first manned lunar orbital mission, remaining in the Moon? s orbit for 20 hours, doing 10 circles ( Zimmerman, 6 ) . While the flights before were all of import, the most famed and documented mission in the history of the US was the Apollo 11, where Neil A. Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. were the first to set down on the Moon. The mission launched without any holds on July 16, 1969, and even the crewmembers could hardly hold on the magnitude of their mission. Before the flight, while the spacemans were being strapped in, Michael Collins had this to state, ? Here I am, a white male, age 38, height 5 pess 11 inches, weight 165 lbs, salary $ 1 7,000 per annum, occupant of a Texas suburb, with black topographic point on my roses, province of head unsettled, about to be shot away to the Moon. Yes, to the Moon? ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ksc.nasa.gov, Apollo 13 ) . The flight went absolutely and on July 20 at 04:17 p.m. EDT, ? The bird of Jove has landed. ? The first measure on Moon was at precisely 10:56:15 p.m. EDT, and Aldrin described the experience better than anyone else could, ? We opened the hatch and Neil, with me as his sailing master, began endorsing out of the bantam gap. It seemed like a little infinity before I heard Neil say, # 8220 ; That # 8217 ; s one little measure for adult male. . . one giant spring for mankind. # 8221 ; In less than 15 proceedingss I was endorsing awkwardly out of the hatch and onto the surface to fall in Neil, who, in the tradition of all tourers, had his camera ready to snap my reaching? ( Apollo 13 ) . There were jubilations all around the universe, particularly in the U S when Neil Armstrong topographic point the US flag into the bouldery lunar dirt, and straightened out the folds. At this clip, the two spacemans on the surface received likely the biggest phone call of their life, from the president. ? Neil and Buzz, I am speaking to you by telephone from the Oval Office at the White House, and this surely has to be the most historic telephone call of all time made. . . Because of what you have done, the celestial spheres have become a portion of adult male # 8217 ; s universe. As you talk to us from the Sea of Tranquility, it inspires us to redouble our attempts to convey peace and repose to Earth # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( Bean, 47 ) . On July 24, 1969, the spacemans splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, and within proceedingss, they were on the USS Hornet ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ksc.nasa.gov, Apollo 13 ) . More missions would follow, peculiarly the Apollo 13 mission, which was about a complete catastrophe. Another mission to put worlds on the Moon, was aborted after legion failures? 200,000 stat mis from Earth. The spacemans did return in a Life Module. The last of the Apollo missions was the Apollo? Soyuz undertaking that brought along the peace procedure started earlier by Nixon. The Viking undertaking was the beginning of the Mars geographic expedition, with the first two Viking Lander and orbiter missions in 1976 ( Vogt, 60 ) . The atmospheric conditions taken from those missions serve as background information for today? s programs to direct worlds to Mars. The Voyager missions in 1979 were set to research Saturn in item, and Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune as flyover ( Vogt, 22 ) . Although these missions served to roll up a batch of informations for f uture research and went to farther planets, they were non every bit large as the manned flights to the Moon, peculiarly because infinite geographic expedition was so new, and because the missions to the Moon had a loyal feel to them. But history of spacemans would non be complete with out more elaborate information about some of the more celebrated spacemans. John Glenn, the first American in orbit on the Friendship 7 flight, was a pilot of over 90 missions in the Korean War ( Kramer, 18 ) . Chosen for his experience every bit good as his courage in the war, he rose to the rank of Colonel in the US Marine Corps before traveling into NASA. He trained on rough machinery, before NASA came up with a set preparation plan ( 20 ) . He was 42 when he flew for the first clip in his orbital mission ( 34 ) , and he subsequently became a Senator ( 39 ) . Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, both flew in the Apollo 11, and were the first two people to walk on the Moon. They will ever be remembered fo r their historic effort. Both Armstrong and Aldrin were 39 when they flew the Apollo mission. Armstrong was the first civilian in infinite, and in his first flight, he was the commanding officer of the Apollo 11 mission. ? Buzz? Aldrin was a Colonel in the US Air Force, and he was besides chosen for his winging experience. Because Americans have lost involvement in the infinite plan without competition, there has non been another harvest of spacemans every bit celebrated as those since the yearss of the Apollo mission. History of infinite flight has been really rich with achievements and mileposts, but it appears that the universe has reached a little constriction for engineering in the country of infinite geographic expedition. In add-on, the deficiency of competition from any other state has slowed down the gait of invention. With the Russian Space Program in shambles, every bit good as the whole state of Russia, the former USSR has non produced much utile engineering recently. Wi th a immense infinite station in the devising, Russia is the lone state that has non made the necessary parts for its completion, due to dearly-won care of their old infinite station, Mir, on which Russia and America have worked together on carry oning experiments in the old ages after the USSR? s break-up. With Mir? s retirement, Russia now has the clip and the resources to finish their portion of the International Space Station which will speed up infinite geographic expedition. America has a few of its ain undertakings traveling on right now, like the Galileo, the Pathfinder, and the Mars Polar Lander. Galileo is one of the investigations out right now, scheduled to analyze the environmental conditions of Venus and Jupiter ( hypertext transfer protocol: //galileo.jpl.nasa.gov, Galileo ) . The Mars Pathfinder, launched 2 old ages ago, has late made some of import finds about the H2O content on Mars, and the clime history of the? ruddy? planet. Endless information has been sent bac k to Earth about Mars? ice caps, and stone formations, which have concluded that there was standing H2O on Mars, including oceans and seas ( hypertext transfer protocol: //polarlander.jpl.nasa.gov/ , Pathfinder ) . Although the Pathfinder has set the Mars geographic expedition mission on the right path, the recent failures with the Mars Polar Lander mission have set back the plan. The communicating with the new Lander could non be established and the ship is presumed lost. Critics say that the? faster, cheaper, better? attack taken with the Lander has really cost the authorities more than $ 36 million, and the valuable clip of edifice and acquiring a new Lander in place ( Associated Press, 1A ) . Although the present motion of the infinite plan appears to hold stalled, possibly the hereafter holds the replies. What is in the hereafter of the infinite plan? Finally, people will settle on the planets near to Earth, if non because of geographic expedition, but because of a deficiency o f natural resources, which is catching up with world. Prototypes of human home grounds on Red planets are being made, and NASA hopes to hold worlds on Red planets by 2050. The International Space Station should be good on its manner to being built, and should be working in the following five to ten old ages ( hypertext transfer protocol: //polarlander.jpl.nasa.gov, Future ) . New cheaper orbiters and adventurers are besides coming in the close hereafter. The new adventurers with plasma propulsion are already in design, and are traveling to be no more than one million per unit greatly cut downing today? s monetary value. They are besides traveling to hold a virtually unlimited fuel capacity, because of the particular engine design utilizing metal for fuel. This adventurer will be so low-cost that they could be sent out in many waies to research infinite star systems, and still be cheap plenty to lose ( Chaikin, 60 ) . Plans that are being talked about right now may be a small far fet ched sometimes, but even if some of them will happen, the hereafter looking bright so. Forty-eight old ages ago, John F. Kennedy set a expansive program in gesture. His State of the Union reference pushed the United States to its bounds. Better developing methods, and many schools for future spacemans have made a large difference in the degree of the preparation, ability and intelligence of the future crews of American starships. Now, even with involvement dwindling, and jobs stacking up, Americans have to seek their best to gaze in the face of hardship, and expression at the large image? the endless? resort area? known as outer infinite. Bibliography Bibliography Associated Press. ? NASA ends any hopes for Mars spacecraft. ? The Baltimore Sun 8 Dec. 1999, concluding ed. , sec. A: 1, 6. Chaikin, Alan. Apollo. Shelton: The Greenwich Workshop, 1998. Chaikin, Andrew. ? The Great Debate. ? Popular Science July 1998: 60? 65. Kramer, Barbara. John Glenn: A Space Biography. Capital of illinois: Enslow Publishers, Inc. , 1998. Vogt, Gregory. Viking and the Mars. Brookfield: The Millbrook Press, 1991. Vogt, Gregory. Voyager. Brookfield: The Millbrook Press, 1991. Zimmerman, Robert. Genesis. New York: Four Walls Printing, 1998. ? Apollo 1. ? NASA. 5 Dec. 1999? Apollo 13. ? NASA. 5 Dec. 1999? Future. ? NASA. 5 Dec. 1999? Galileo. ? NASA. 5 Dec. 1999? Mercury: LJ-1. ? NASA. 5 Dec. 1999? Mercury: BJ-1. ? NASA. 5 Dec. 1999? Mercury: MA-5. ? NASA. 5 Dec. 1999? Mercury: MR-3. ? NASA. 5 Dec. 1999? Mercury: MA-6. ? NASA. 5 Dec. 1999? Mercury: MA-9. ? NASA. 5 Dec. 1999? National Aeronautics and Space Act. ? NASA. 5 Dec. 1999? Pathfinder. ? NASA. 5 D ec. 1999? President John F. Kennedy # 8217 ; s Particular Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs. ? JFK Library. 5 Dec. 1999

Enviornment and Engineering essays

Enviornment and Engineering essays In Earth in the Balance, Vice President Al Gore said the rescue of the environment the central organizing principle for civilization. In the past 150 years, earths resources have been abused and people do not know how to deal with the effects of not treating the earth right. In Educating for the Environment: Higher Educations Challenge of the Next Century, David W. Orr states that people now being educated must learn how to take care of the planet: keep the population stabilized, deal with the diminishing ozone layer, protect natural forests, and natural resources, etc. They have to do this all at the same time while they decrease social, ethnic and racial conflicts. The young must, understand the differences between what is good for the earth and not. They must make wiser choices then the generations before. Educators should reform the schools to better teach the kids how to deal with the problems with environment. But educators still educate the young, like there is nothing wrong with the planet. People think that technology would help the environmental problems, it may, but the beginning of the problem starts in the mind of the person. It is how the person thinks and feels about the earth. So people must be taught in the mind so they would understand how to take care of the environment. It is ironic that all the colleges and universities know about all these environmental problems, and do anything about it. Why dont people with higher education teach the young as soon as possible? There are three primary reasons: 1) People think that the smallest random fact about something means nothing, but really, it is part of a really big picture. So people must be educated on these small facts about the environment. 2) Professors are scared to speak out these problems. Professors talk amongst themselves about planetary problems and dont tell students about it. ...

Spasmodic

Spasmodic Spasmodic Spasmodic By Maeve Maddox The adjective spasmodic means of the nature of a spasm; characterized by spasms or convulsive twitches; marked by jerkiness or suddenness of muscular movement.   In medical terms, a spasm is a sudden and violent muscular contraction of a convulsive or painful character. Both words are used figuratively. For example, inconsistent or occasional efforts at political reform are said to be spasmodic in the sense of: Occurring or proceeding by fits and starts; irregular, intermittent; not sustained or kept up. A speaking style, such as that of Milla Jovavich in The Messenger, is spasmodic in the sense of Agitated, excited; emotional, high-strung; given to outbursts of excitement; characterized by a disjointed or unequal style of expression. Here are some examples of the use of spasmodic on the web: To a roomful of adoring gays, a spasmodic Pelosi said, Dont ask dont tell†¦will be a memory come Christmas. Spasmodic reform and a little effort before elections will not accomplish much. †¦the electoral parties, always embarked in the rhythmic and spasmodic succession of seductive promises†¦ Violence still occurs, but it is spasmodic and much reduced. †¦there is the most horrendous spasmodic knocking noise coming from inside the [1.2 nova] engine]. Sometimes its possible to reach for the word spasmodic and not quite make it, as in this complaint from another unhappy car owner whose Mini-Cooper engine had been knocking for weeks before the incident described: †¦[the man at the dealership] said that I could have the vehicle towed in at my expense (his estimate was $600 for the towing). I declined due to the cost and the spermatic knocking. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational WritingTaser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?25 Idioms About Bread and Dessert

The Financing and management of risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Financing and management of risk - Essay Example The company has major business activities in countries like Canada, Japan, China, UK, Mexico, Taiwan, Philippines, India, etc. Apart from coffee, Starbucks also sells ice cream, cold and hot beverages, snacks, beer, etc. The products offered by Starbucks are specific to the location of the store and are seasonal and customized to the target market segment. Starbucks employs around 149000 employees in its coffee stores and operations all over the world. Through its massive chain of coffee houses all over the world, Starbucks generated revenue of $13.29 billion in 2012 with a net income of $1.36 billion for the company. The strong performance of Starbucks’ coffee business across the world is highly dependent on its business model which has been well established by the company. The business model of Starbucks lays its success story for attracting customers into its stores for a cup of coffee day after day all over the world. The coffee selling stores of Starbucks present a status symbol for the customers of coffee. Although the coffee sold in the stores of Starbucks are priced highly, it the ambience that the stores of Starbucks offer to the customers that makes a difference. The coffee selling stores are supported by friendly and helpful staffs who address the problems, queries and grievances of customers who walk in to take coffee. The customers taking coffee are largely valued in the stores which in turn help the stores to hold their customers (Starbucks Corporation, 2013, p.1). The over business model of Starbucks which is applicable to its national as well as international presence is described below. Starbucks have a transnational model of business in which it has a universal product that is customized to fit the requirements of the local market. Starbucks follows a business model whereby the coffee and other products like beverages, beer, ice cream, snacks, etc. are sold through the coffee house chains in the international markets. Starbucks products under brand names are also sold in the grocery shops and retail market chains across the world. The coffee business of Starbucks has to be responsive to the markets and fits the taste and culture of the local people who walks in to take coffee. The strong business model of Starbucks has helped them to build international relationships and achieve their targets. Starbucks original business model was based on marketing of coffee by providing enriched customer experience in an upbeat environment inside the coffee stores. In order to cope up with the competitive market, Starbucks have now adopted advertising strategies by media like newspapers, television, offering cheaper prices, etc (Kazmi, 2010, p.21). As depicted above in the diagram for business model of Starbucks, the business model takes into consideration a range of factors that includes product strategy, customer economic, marketing of coffee, cost of capital of the business, economic sale, assessing value of the business, pro duction costs, revenue mechanism, growth of assets and competitive barriers, etc. The product strategy is framed by looking at the emerging demands of the market. Apart from offering a single product of coffee, Starbucks took into consideration

VISUAL ANALYSIS PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

VISUAL ANALYSIS PAPER - Essay Example red that he yielded too much power and that he was a danger to their rule and most of the rulers chose to make him as an enemy rather than an asset to their rule as they believed that he was there to overtake. Furthermore, the scribes from the synagogues were also opposed to his teachings since he condemned most of the self-righteous selfish acts that they committed (Voragine). The painting was done by oil on a canvas and the image size is 600 by 398 centimeters. There is a man in the middle who is most likely Jesus Christ and he is wearing a robe with no headgear unlike the other men in the picture. The other men look as though they are condemning the man in the middle for one reason or another. The most likely cause for the ridicule seems to be the woman in the painting as Christ was supposed to be chaste at the time and he being with a woman went contrary to his teachings. The Jews spared no effort to make him look and feel guilty or find fault in him and every action that Christ did was met with criticism and harsh judgment. The painting was done by oil which makes it more colorful and more permanent including making the work look more real and it is so much easier to see the expressions of the faces of the people in the picture. It is also so much easier to see the kind of clothing that the people had worn and through the clothing, it is so much easier to tell the culture of the people and the things that they value over the others. Oil also makes the paint more permanent as it does not get washed away very easily. The variety of colors that paint offers is also magnificent as it is so much easier to differentiate people. The emotion in the picture is brought out and the people look as if they are about to lynch the man in the middle and the woman while the woman seems to be very afraid to be the only woman in the presence of men. Going by what was happening at the time, it could be said that maybe she was sent by some high power so that she could tempt

Malaysia †Quarterly Balance of Payment in 2010-2012 Essay Example for Free

Malaysia – Quarterly Balance of Payment in 2010-2012 Essay This report is focused on the analysis of Malaysia’s balance of payment for last six quarters (from Q3/2011 to Q3/2012). It will show the impact of balance of payment to economy or the financial crisis. The last part of this report will involve the summary and the forecast the Malaysia’s balance of payment in the future. Third quarter of 2011 Current account: the current account balance recorded a surplus of RM26.6 billion, an increase of RM3.2 billion (13.8 percent). This higher surplus was attributed to: the lower net payments on income of RM3. 8 billion higher surplus on goods of RM38.2 billion. Goods Account: the surplus on goods increased to RM38.2 billion by Exports FOB expanded by RM5.0 billion to record RM176.7 billion. The demands for exports FOB was mainly contributed by electrical electronic products, palm oil palm oil based products and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Moreover, Imports FOB posted RM138.5 billion, an increase of RM3.1 billion (2.3 percent). This was attributed to higher value of imports Services Account: Exports of services registered RM26.6 billion. Meanwhile, imports of services posted RM29.0 billion. On net basis, the services account experienced higher deficit of RM2.4 billion from RM0.7 billion previously. This was mainly due to: 1. lower net receipts in travel account of RM5.5 billion from RM6.7 billion; and 2. higher net payments in transportation account of RM6.7 billion from RM6.3 billion. Income Account: income receipts recorded RM13.9 billion from RM11.2 billion previously, of which investment income recorded RM13.0 billion and compensation of employees RM0.9 billion. On the payments side, income account registered RM17.8 billion from RM18.0 billion, of which investment income recorded RM16.3 billion and compensation of employees RM1.4 billion. So there was more investment in Malaysia. Current Transfers: Net payments on current transfers remained unchanged. Capital account: In the current quarter of 2011, the capital account recorded a higher net outflow of RM58.0 million from that of RM26.0 million posted last quarter. Year-on-year, net outflow of capital account narrowed from RM63.0 million. Cumulatively, the capital account recorded lower net outflow of RM97.0 million from RM166.0 million in the first nine months of 2010. Financial account: The financial account reverted to net outflow of RM23.3 billion from net inflow of RM44.5 billion previously. This was mainly due to a swing in portfolio investment from net inflow of RM48.1 billion to net outflow of RM23.4 billion. Direct Investment: direct investment posted net outflow of RM7.7 billion, consisting of DIA: higher net outflow of RM12.9 billion. The major sectors attributed to DIA were financial insurance, oil gas, and construction. FDI: lower net inflow of RM5.2 billion. FDI inflows were primarily channeled into manufacturing, oil gas, and wholesale retail trade sectors. Portfolio Investment: Portfolio investment reverted to net outflow of RM23.4 billion from net inflow of RM48.1 billion previously. Year-on-year, portfolio investment also showed a turnaround from net inflow of RM18.3 billion a year ago. Reserve assets: The international reserves Bank Negara Malaysia increased by RM10.9 billion in the current quarter as compared to an increase o f RM61.7 billion in Q2 2011. Fourth quarter of 2011 Current account: the current account recorded a surplus of RM22.0 billion, a decrease of RM4.6 billion. The lower surplus was reflected in: higher net payments on income of RM5.6 billion, higher net payments on services of RM4.0 billion, and lower surplus on goods of RM36.9 billion. Goods Account: goods registered a lower surplus amounting to RM36.9 billion from RM38.2 billion a quarter ago. This was attributed to the higher imports FOB. The demand for exports FOB was mainly associated to electrical electronic products, palm oil palm oil based products and liquefied natural gas (LNG). In the meantime, there was the higher imports FOB Services Account: exports of services registered higher net receipts of RM28.1 billion, an increase of RM1.5 billion. Meanwhile, imports of services increased by RM3.0 billion (10.3 per cent) to record RM32.0 billion from RM29.0 billion in Q3 2011. In terms of net, the net payments on services account broadened to RM4.0 billion from RM2.4 billion previ ously. This was mainly due to higher net payments on other services amounting to RM3.2 billion as compared to RM1.1 billion in July September 2011. Income Account: In the current quarter, income receipts recorded RM14.7 billion from RM13.9 billion in the preceding quarter. The RM0.8 billion increase was reflected in higher receipts on investment income of RM13.8 billion, while compensation of employees consistently maintained receipts of RM0.9 billion. On net basis, the outlay on income account widened to RM5.6 billion from RM3.8 billion. This was contributed by higher net outlay on both investment income of RM4.8 billion and compensation of employees of RM0.8 billion. Current Transfers: Net payments on current transfers continued to record RM5.3 billion for three consecutive quarters. Current transfers saw an increase in both receipts and payments amounting to RM1.5 billion and RM6.8 billion. Capital account: In Q4 2011, capital account posted lower net outflow of RM54.0 million from RM58.0 million in Q3 2011. This was mainly due to lower net payments on capital transfers from RM34.0 million to RM16.0 million. Financial account: In the quarter under review, financial account posted net inflow of RM0.2 billion, a reversal from net outflow of RM23.3 billion. This scenario was supported by the lower outflow in portfolio investment of RM2.7 billion, coupled with higher inflow in other investment of RM11.2 billion. Direct Investment: Direct investment posted a net outflow of RM7.9 billion from RM7.7 billion last quarter, of which: DIA: higher net investment outflow of RM14.3 billion. The major sectors attributed to DIA were oil gas, financial insurance, and utilities. FDI: higher net inflow of RM6.5 billion. FDI inflows were primarily channeled into manufacturing, oil gas, and wholesale retail trade sectors. Portfolio Investment: Portfolio investment registered lower net outflow of RM2.7 billion from RM23.4 billion attained last quarter. Year-on-year, portfolio investment reverted from net inflow of RM3.5 billion to net outflow of RM2.7 billion. Reserve Assets The international reserves of Bank Negara Malaysia increased by RM6.3 billion in Q4 2011 as compared to an increase of RM10.9 billion in Q3 2011, stood at RM423.4 billion as at end of 2011. First quarter of 2012 Current account: In the period January March 2012, current account recorded lower surplus of RM18.1 billion from RM22.4 billion in Q4 2011. This was mainly attributed to: Income account: A higher net outflow of RM8.6 billion Goods account: A lower surplus of RM35.8 billion. Goods Account: goods registered lower surplus of RM35.8 billion (-RM1.0 billion or -2.8 per cent) from RM36.8 billion last quarter. This was due to decrease in exports FOB larger than that of imports FOB Services Account: exports of services registered RM27.9 billion from RM29.0 billion during Q4 2011, consisting of the following components: transportation of RM3.3 billion, travel of RM14.7 billion, other services of RM9.9 billion, and government transactions of RM49.0 million. Meanwhile, imports of services decreased. On net basis, services account remained unchanged Income Account: On net basis, the income outlay widened by RM3.3 billion to RM8.6 billion from RM5.3 billion recorded in the preceding quarter, specifically due to higher net outlay on investment income of RM7.8 billion from RM4.5 billion. Current Transfers: current transfers continued to record net payments RM5.3 billion. Both receipts and payments saw an increase amounting to RM1.5 billion and RM6.8 billion. Capital a ccount: capital account posted higher net outflow of RM166.0 million from RM55.0 million in Q4 2011. This was mainly due to higher net payments on capital transfers to RM93.0 million from RM17.0 million. Financial account: financial account recorded a higher net outflow of RM10.3 billion from RM0.2 billion posted in previous quarter. This higher net outflow was mainly attributed to other investment: reverted to net outflow RM26.1 billion from net inflow RM11.0 billion, and direct investment: higher net outflow of RM9.4 billion from RM8.2 billion. Direct Investment: Direct investment registered a net outflow of RM9.4 billion from RM8.2 billion last quarter, of which: DIA: higher net outflow of RM16.9 billion which were wholesale retail trade, financial insurance, and health services. FDI: higher net inflow of RM7.5 billion. FDI inflows were primarily channeled into oil gas, financial insurance, and manufacturing sectors. Portfolio Investment: The portfolio investment switched to net inflow of RM25.3 billion from net outflow of RM2.7 billion previously. Meanwhile year-on-year, portfolio investment registered higher net inflow by RM16.9 billion to RM25.3 billion. Other Investment: In the current quarter, other investment reverted to a net outflow of RM26.1 billion from a net inflow of RM11.0 billion. This was attributable to a turnaround in the private sector to -RM25.6 billion from a net inflow of RM11.1 billion. Reserve Assets: The international reserves of Bank Negara Malaysia decreased by RM7.2 billion in Q1 2012 as compared to an increase of RM6.2 billion in Q4 2011, stood at RM416.1 billion as at end of March 2012. Second quarter of 2012 Current account: In April June 2012, current account balance showed a lower surplus of RM9.6 billion, a decrease of RM8.5 billion from RM18.1 billion attained a quarter ago. The lower surplus was reflected in: Goods account: recorded lower surplus by RM6.4 billion to RM29.4 billion from RM35.8 billion; and Income account: the net outlay widened by RM3.1 billion to RM11.7 billion from RM8.6 billion. Goods Account: the current quarter, the goods account registered a lower surplus of RM29.4 billion as compared to RM35.8 billion in the previous quarter. This was due to imports FOB which expanded at a faster pace (7.3 per cent) relative to that of exports FOB (2.1 per cent). Exports FOB increased to RM177.7 billion compared to RM174.0 billion in Q1 2012. This was mainly contributed by higher exports for electrical electronic products and palm oil palm oil based products. Imports FOB rose to RM148.2 billion. This was due to higher domestic demands for imports by end-use for three major categories namely intermediate goods, capital goods, and consumption goods. Services Account: In the quarter under review, exports of services registered RM28.9 billion from RM27.9 billion last quarter. Meanwhile, imports of services increased by RM0.7 billion from RM31.7 billion a quarter ago, of which: transportation of RM10.4 billion, travel of RM9.0 billion, other services of RM12.8 billion; and, government transactions of RM194.0 million. On net basis, services account posted lower net payments of RM3.6 billion from RM3.8 billion last quarter. This was led by a lower deficit on other services from RM2.5 billion to RM1.8 billion. On the contrary, transportation posted higher net payments of RM7.1 billion while travel recorded lower net receipts of RM5.4 billion. Income Account: In the current quarter, income receipts registered RM9.0 billion from RM9.6 billion in Q1 2012. On net basis, the income outlay broadened to RM11.7 billion from RM8.6 billion posted in the previous quarter. This was solely due to higher net outlay in investment income amounting to RM11.1 billion. Meanwhile, compensation of employees recorded a lower net outflows of RM0.6 billion. For the first half of 2012, the deficit on income account broadened to RM20.3 billion, affected by higher net payments on investment income Current Transfers: In the quarter under review, the net payments on current transfers narrowed to RM4.6 billion. Both receipts and payments increased to record RM2.3 billion and RM6.9 billion. Capital account: In Q2 2012, the capital account registered lower net outflow of RM67.0 million from RM166.0 million last quarter. This was due to lower net outflow on both capital transfers and non-produced, nonfinancial assets by RM60.0 million and RM40.0 million, respectively. Financial account: In the quarter ended June 2012, the financial account turned around to a net inflow of RM5.4 billion from net outflow of RM10.3 billion previously. This movement was driven by a switch in both other investment and direct investment. On the contrary, portfolio investment saw a reversal to net outflow of RM5.0 billion, from net inflow of RM25.3 billion. Direct Investment: The direct investment switched to a net inflow of RM3.5 billion from a net outflow of RM9.4 billion last quarter, of which: DIA: recorded lower net outflow of RM2.5 billion. These investments were largely directed into oil gas, real estate, and financial insurance sectors. FDI: lower net inflow of RM6.1 billion, decreased by RM1.4 billion from RM7.5 billion previously. FDI inflows were primarily channeled into oil gas, manufacturing, and financial insurance sectors. Portfolio Investment: Portfolio investment reverted to net outflow of RM5.0 billion from net inflow of RM25.3 billion previously. Meanwhile year-on-year, portfolio investment turned around to net outflow of RM5.0 billion from net inflow of RM48.0 billion in Q2 2011. On the contrary, for the period January June 2012, portfolio investment registered lower net inflow of RM20.3 billion from RM56.5 billion, a decrease of RM36.1 billion. Reserve Assets The international reserves of Bank Negara Malaysia increased by RM12.7 billion in Q2 2012 as compared to a decrease of RM7.2 billion in Q1 2012, stood at RM428.8 billion as at end of June 2012. Third quarter of 2012 Current account: The current account balance recorded a lower surplus of RM9.5 billion for the period of July September 2012, as compared to RM9.6 billion in the preceding quarter. This lower surplus was reflected in: Goods account: lower surplus RM25.5 billion Current transfers: the net payments widened to RM4.7 billion Meanwhile, income and services account recorded lower net payments of RM7.9 billion and RM3.4 billion Goods Account: In the quarter under review, the goods account registered a lower surplus of RM25.5 billion as compared to RM29.4 billion in the previous quarter. This was due to decrease in exports FOB by 1.8 per cent relative to increase in imports FOB by 0.5 per cent. Services Account: exports of services remained the same as previous quarter Income Account: the income receipts recorded RM11.4 billion increased by RM2.5 billion from RM9.0 billion in Q2 2012. Compensation of employees remained RM1.0 billion and investment income attained RM10.4 billion. The investment income comprises of: direct investment abroad (DIA): higher receipts of RM3.8 billion, mainly generated from financial insurance, oil gas, and information communication sectors portfolio investment: higher receipts of RM1.3 billion other investment: higher receipts of RM5.4 billion However, income payments (debit) recorded RM19.4 billion decreased by RM1.3 billion from RM20.7 billion in Q2 2012. On net basis, the income account deficit reduced to RM7.9 billion from RM11.7 billion previously. This was primarily due to a lower net payments in investment income amounting to RM7.2 billion, while compensation of employees recorded higher net payments of RM0.7 billion. Current Transfers: In the third quarter 2012, both receipts and payments decreased to record RM1.4 billion and RM6.1 billion. On net basis, this account recorded higher net payments RM4.7 billion. Capital account: In Q3 2012, the net outflow decreased to RM42.0 million from RM67.0 million last quarter. This was due to lower outflow on both capital transfers and nonproduced nonfinancial assets which recorded RM24.0 million and RM18.0 million Financial account: In the current quarter, the financial account reverted to a net outflow of RM8.7 billion from net inflow of RM5.4 billion reported previously. This was due to a swing in both portfolio investment from net outflow of RM5.0 billion to net inflow of RM27.6 billion and other investment to net outflow of RM38.1 billion from net inflow of RM5.9 billion. On the contrary, direct investment recorded lower inflow RM1.9 billion from RM3.5 billion. Direct Investment: Direct investment posted a lower net inflow of RM1.9 billion from RM3.5 billion during previous quarter. Portfolio Investment: Portfolio investment recorded a net inflow of RM27.6 billion, turned around from net outflow of RM5.0 billion previously. Similarly, year-on-year, portfolio investment switched to net inflow from net outflow of RM28.0 billion in Q3 2011. Reserve Assets: The international reserves of Bank Negara Malaysia decreased RM7.5 billion in Q3 2012 as compared to an increase of RM12.7 billion in Q2 2012, stood at RM421.3 billion as at end of September 2012. Summary and Forecasting of Balance of Payment As you seen that, the balance of trade (export-import) both of goods and services continually decrease between third quarter of 2011 to third quarter of 2011. Especially, the last two quarter (Q2/2012 and Q3/2012). The major reasons are the Eurozone Crisis and Hamburger crisis in United State of America that provide a large impact to Malaysia in term of export of goods and services. In second quarter of 2012 it decrease 19.78 percent from the first quarter of 2012 and it also decrease 14.54 in the third quarter. For these reasons makes Malaysia’s export decline because the European countries and USA are the large market for Malaysian exporter. The financial account is very fluctuating between these five quarters. The causes are Eurozone crisis and Hamburger crisis same as above problems. The investors’ confident are decline. It make the direct investment decrease in the third quarter of 2012 and other investment was negative RM 38,083 million. On the other hand, a lot of investors move their portfolio to Malaysia for avoid the risk and uncertainty in Europe and USA. That makes the portfolio investment surplus RM 27,588 million. In the near future, the balance of payment of Malaysia will be continually decrease in term of balance of trade, current account and the financial account will be increasing. The central bank of Malaysia will cut the interest rate and use the fiscal deficit policy. This cause will make the Malaysia’s citizen has more income and more consumption. Next, Malaysia will import more goods and services to server their people due to the higher purchasing power. In term of financial account will be change in positive way. When the Malaysian government cut the interest rate, it will attract the foreign investors to invest and boost the economy. The portfolio investment will be also surplus because the problems in Europe and USA. So, the investors will avoid their risk by investing in Malaysia’s financial market. References : http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=1324%3Aquarterly-balance-of-payments-performance-julyl-september-2011-updated-18112011catid=103%3Amalaysia-balance-of-paymentsItemid=153lang=en http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=1413%3Abopcatid=103%3Amalaysia-balance-of-paymentsItemid=153lang=en http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=1586%3Abalance-of-payments-first-quarter-2012updated-23052012-catid=103%3Amalaysia-balance-of-paymentsItemid=153lang=en http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=1700%3Aquarterly-balance-of-payments-performance-april-june-2012-updated-15082012catid=103%3Amalaysia-balance-of-paymentsItemid=153lang=en http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=1797%3Aquarterly-balance-of-payments-third-quarter-2012-updated-16112012catid=103%3Amalaysia-balance-of-paymentsItemid=153lang=en ht tp://www.tradingeconomics.com/malaysia/net-trade-in-goods-and-services-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.html

Arthur James Balfour and the Balfour Declaration :: Middle East History

Arthur James Balfour and the Balfour Declaration Highly recognised for his continuous support of the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine and the Balfour Declaration, Arthur James Balfour is one of the most prominent individual figures that contributed to the seemingly inevitable declaration of the State of Israel in 1948. The Balfour declaration added a new dimension and even greater complications to the conflict between the Arabs and Jews in Palestine. The declaration was issued on November 2nd, 1917 on behalf of the British government announcing its support in the formation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. It is contained in a letter from the British foreign secretary and former Prime Minister, Arthur James Balfour to a prominent British Jew, Lord Rothschild. There are 3 distinct parts in the declaration. First, it favours 'the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people'. By this declaration it became blatantly obvious that the British government, in which Balfour had a strong influence, recognised the Zionist contention that Jews had a claim to Palestine as a national home. The impact of the first clause of the declaration is somewhat lessened by the second which recognises the 'civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine'. Balfour intended to convince the Arabs that their rights would not be affected, thus the reason for the second clause os the declaration. All involved in this intricate declaration immediately saw that these two clauses could well turn out to be contradictory, which was exactly what transpired. It is found that this was the basic cause of Jewish-Arab hostility in Palestine until 1948. Instead of settling the aggression between Arabs and Jews, Balfour's declaration had the reverse effect. Jews were somewhat grateful for Balfour's intervention and support in the for the retaining of their 'rightful homeland', while the Arabs in Palestine despised the British government for allowing Balfour to intervene in such a manner. Hebrews, now known as Jews, believe Palestine is their rightful "homeland" in accordance to their Holy Book, the Torah and their covenant with their God. This is where the conflict lies because Muslims believe that Palestine is their rightful land as is said in their Holy Book, the Qur'aan. Thus being part of the reason of the never-ending aggression between these two religious denominations and uprise of violence at the proposed declaration by Arabs. This crucial affirmation of support by Balfour on behalf of the British government is often described as the first great achievement of the Zionist movement, and even as the foundation stone of the Jewish state.

Comedy Film Wanda

The film A Fish Called Wanda is on the AFI†s (American Film Institute) Greatest 100 Comedies list. Although this film features talented actors like John Cleese and Jamie Lee Curtis, Kevin Kline easily steals the show. Kline gives a brilliant performance as the pseudo-intellectual Otto. What makes Kline so remarkable is the way that he moves and makes his character dance across the screen. Right from the outset, in one of the film†s first scene, we see that Kline†s Otto is no normal jewel thief. Even though Otto is supposed to be working under the guise that he is Wanda†s (Jamie Lee Curtis) sister, he quickly gives her breast a squeeze in full view of Ken, one of the other robbers. What makes this movement work comically is that Kline does it so lightening fast and that if you blinked you might miss it. He has such control over his arm that he is able to extend it, and withdraw it in a matter of maybe a second. This allows for the suspended disbelief that Ken does not see him do it. Another movement that Kline makes also speaks volumes about his body control. Otto and Wanda are together in what I take to be Otto†s quarters. They are speaking excitedly about something and he leaps into the air, grabs a pipe that is suspended from the ceiling, lifts himself completely off the ground and sails on to the bed with the grace of a ballerina. This is so interesting because Kline†s Otto is supposed to a be a vulgar American bank robber. His graceful movement is evidenced again when Otto and Wanda go to the garage to claim the jewels the stole from a safe. Otto is angered by the fact that the jewels are not there. He goes over to kick a car out of anger. Rather then just kicking the tire, or burying his foot into the car door, Kline leaps into up and kicks the car twice while he is in the air. He takes what is just a simple movement and makes into something much more. While Kevin Kline is not a big man in stature and he does not look physically intimidating, or especially strong, he shows us the contrary. In one scene, he grabs Wanda by the back of her head and tosses her onto a bed like she was a rag doll. In another scene, in a jealous rage, Otto breaks into the Cabin that Archie (John Cleese) and Wanda are in. He overhears the two of them making fun of him. Otto hates to be called stupid or insulted. When Archi refuses to apologize and take back his insults, Otto takes Archie, who is a much bigger man, and dangles him by the feet out the window until he says he is sorry. While we do not see how Otto gets Archie into the position of hanging out the window, we assume that he quickly and decisively over powered him. Towards the middle of the film, we see Kline†s Otto in front of a mirror with a katana blade. It appears that he is practicing ninjitsu. This makes it plausible for us an audience to believe he has the cat-like quiet skills to be able to sneak into Archie†s house without being heard. Another example he shows of this type of body control is when angered Wanda, he grabs an 8Ãâ€"10 photo of her and punches through it without hurting his hand. We also see him practicing a Buddhist meditation technique that he says he uses for anger management. Something I find personally fascinating about Kline as an actor is the way he seems to be so centered. There is such cleanliness and crispness to all his movements, he speaks very clearly with his body. This control allows him to slip into all sorts of different characters in the movie. He very plausibly becomes a CIA agent, a homosexual, and speaks jibberish Italian, all in his attempts to seem an intellectual. Kline shows the control of an acrobat. When he goes try to Archie, he does a quick, clean backwards somersault and leap into a stride. Movement like this is so rare in film because subtly is needed in close-ups. You can read all you would want to know about Otto by the way he moves. He is someone who wants very badly to be smart. He reads Nitzche, but as Wanda says he â€Å"Doesn†t get it†. He can take control over almost any situation with his body because he is so centered. It†s this control that makes his performance so fun to watch.vJustin Issa The film A Fish Called Wanda is on the AFI†s (American Film Institute) Greatest 100 Comedies list. Although this film features talented actors like John Cleese and Jamie Lee Curtis, Kevin Kline easily steals the show. Kline gives a brilliant performance as the pseudo-intellectual Otto. What makes Kline so remarkable is the way that he moves and makes his character dance across the screen. Right from the outset, in one of the film†s first scene, we see that Kline†s Otto is no normal jewel thief. Even though Otto is supposed to be working under the guise that he is Wanda†s (Jamie Lee Curtis) sister, he quickly gives her breast a squeeze in full view of Ken, one of the other robbers. What makes this movement work comically is that Kline does it so lightening fast and that if you blinked you might miss it. He has such control over his arm that he is able to extend it, and withdraw it in a matter of maybe a second. This allows for the suspended disbelief that Ken does not see him do it. Another movement that Kline makes also speaks volumes about his body control. Otto and Wanda are together in what I take to be Otto†s quarters. They are speaking excitedly about something and he leaps into the air, grabs a pipe that is suspended from the ceiling, lifts himself completely off the ground and sails on to the bed with the grace of a ballerina. This is so interesting because Kline†s Otto is supposed to a be a vulgar American bank robber. His graceful movement is evidenced again when Otto and Wanda go to the garage to claim the jewels the stole from a safe. Otto is angered by the fact that the jewels are not there. He goes over to kick a car out of anger. Rather then just kicking the tire, or burying his foot into the car door, Kline leaps into up and kicks the car twice while he is in the air. He takes what is just a simple movement and makes into something much more. While Kevin Kline is not a big man in stature and he does not look physically intimidating, or especially strong, he shows us the contrary. In one scene, he grabs Wanda by the back of her head and tosses her onto a bed like she was a rag doll. In another scene, in a jealous rage, Otto breaks into the Cabin that Archie (John Cleese) and Wanda are in. He overhears the two of them making fun of him. Otto hates to be called stupid or insulted. When Archi refuses to apologize and take back his insults, Otto takes Archie, who is a much bigger man, and dangles him by the feet out the window until he says he is sorry. While we do not see how Otto gets Archie into the position of hanging out the window, we assume that he quickly and decisively over powered him. Towards the middle of the film, we see Kline†s Otto in front of a mirror with a katana blade. It appears that he is practicing ninjitsu. This makes it plausible for us an audience to believe he has the cat-like quiet skills to be able to sneak into Archie†s house without being heard. Another example he shows of this type of body control is when angered Wanda, he grabs an 8Ãâ€"10 photo of her and punches through it without hurting his hand. We also see him practicing a Buddhist meditation technique that he says he uses for anger management. Something I find personally fascinating about Kline as an actor is the way he seems to be so centered. There is such cleanliness and crispness to all his movements, he speaks very clearly with his body. This control allows him to slip into all sorts of different characters in the movie. He very plausibly becomes a CIA agent, a homosexual, and speaks jibberish Italian, all in his attempts to seem an intellectual. Kline shows the control of an acrobat. When he goes try to Archie, he does a quick, clean backwards somersault and leap into a stride. Movement like this is so rare in film because subtly is needed in close-ups. You can read all you would want to know about Otto by the way he moves. He is someone who wants very badly to be smart. He reads Nitzche, but as Wanda says he â€Å"Doesn†t get it†. He can take control over almost any situation with his body because he is so centered. It†s this control that makes his performance so fun to watch.

South Africa During and After Apartheid

South Africa is a land blessed with natural resources including fertile lands, metals and mineral resources such as platinum, gold and diamonds. The climate is mild which is ideal for land activities.The richness and potential of this country attracted Dutch and English in the seventeenth century. South Africa has one of the unique histories in the world. It is evident how colonial racism emanated from Europe. The whites invested power and politics which is still manifested today.In the seventeenth century, South Africa was colonized by English and Dutch. Boers and Afrikaners were the English domination of the Dutch descendants. The discovery of diamond and other mineral resources in 1900 motivated the English invasion as a result of Boer War. Racial discrimination in Africa started with the enactment of Apartheid laws in 1948.Apartheid was invented when an uneasy power- sharing between the Boers and Afrikaners held sway until 1940’s. Since Afrikaner National Party was able to gain strong majority, they established Apartheid as a means to reinforce their control over the social and economic system. Initially, the objective of the apartheid was to maintain white domination and leadership while extending racial separation (Chokshi, Carter, Gupta, Martin and Robert, 1995).The term Apartheid is from the African word for â€Å"apartness† was actually coined in the 1930’s and later used as a political slogan of the National party. The social and political custom of Apartheid was materialized under law after the primarily Afrikaner Nationalists came to power in 1948 (â€Å"Apartheid†).When Apartheid was institutionalized, racial discrimination started. Apartheid, as racism made law, consisted of numerous laws that denied basic human rights and political rights for black people. They were obviously exploited and their lives were segregated with the white people.People of mixed race like Asians and Coloureds were also exploited and terrorize.    It was a system dictated in the minutest detail as to how and where the large black majority would work, live and dies (â€Å"Human Rights, Historical images of Apartheid in South Africa†).The ultimate goal of Apartheid was to establish â€Å"racial separation legally† and to maintain the guarantee of white authority. The restrictions formulated by the Apartheid laws and effects placed the black people in the difficulties regarding land issues, living areas, jobs, personal relationship, political rights, constitutional and human rights.The Group Acts of 1950 divided the lands in which blacks and whites resided into distinct residential zones. The best urban, agricultural and industrial areas were expectedly given to whites while blacks were given only some distinct areas in South Africa. Blacks were not allowed to live and occupy areas that were named as â€Å"white zones†.Even marriage and relationships were so extensive and encompassing for blacks. It is illegal and against the law to marry a person of different race. Couples and families were strictly required by law to obtain state permission before they could live together and authorities had given any right to refuse such permission.Every black South African has their own passbook issued by the government that will determine where they could live and work which they have to carry every now and then.   In terms of Education, the Bantu Education Act of 1953 was instituted to provide black pupils with different way of learning than white students. Black students were given different orientation, expectations and future goalsWorks Cited:Chokshi, Monal., Carter, Cale., Gupta, Deepak., Martin, Tove and Robert Allen. 1995 â€Å"The history of Apartheid in South Africa†. Stanford Universityhttp://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~cale/cs201/apartheid.ethics.html  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Africa-Apartheid†Africana, The Encyclopedia of the African and African American   Experience.http://www .africanaencyclopedia.com/selections.htmlâ€Å"Human Rigths, Historical images of Apartheid in South Africa†. United Nations 2008 http://www.un.org/  Spindle, Tim., Shafer, Rachel., Joliff, Kevin.,Henderson., Sarah.,Bradford, Stephanie   and David Weigman.†Laws and Effects of Apartheid†http://home.snu.edu/~dwilliam/f97projects/apartheid/Document5.htmlâ€Å"Apartheid, South Africa†.Wander the Planethttp://www.wandertheplanet.net/SouthAfrica/apartheid.htm

Juvenile Crime and Treatment Causes of Adolescent Atrocity essays

Juvenile Crime and Treatment Causes of Adolescent Atrocity essays Juvenile Crime and Treatment: Causes of Adolescent Atrocity In a small town like Haddon Township, crime does not seem like a serious issue. Small crimes such as vandalism may be looked at as immense. In other parts of the country though, crime is much more serious. There are places where teenagers are being convicted of murder. Some of these teenagers are also receiving the death penalty. The United States is one of the only four countries in the world who puts minors on death row. The juvenile crime rate in America has been increasing steadily for years. "A young black man, Shareef Cousin, has been put on death row for a crime he was convicted of, killing a 25-year old white man. Shareef was only 16 when he was convicted and sentenced" (Farley). Most of the teens who are convicted of committing these murders have experienced some sort of abuse at some point in their lives. "Robert Anthony Carter was put on death row for crimes he allegedly committed then he was 17. Carter was a victim of child abuse. He had been hit in the head with a brick, baseball bat, dinner plates, to name a few. His abuse and injuries werent treated. His IQ is 74 making him semiretarded. This information was not brought up at his trial and could have significantly changed the outcome" (Farley). In the United Sates, "Twelve out of 50 states have juveniles on death row" (Atlanta). Why are we one of only a few countries who dares to put a juvenile on death row? "Among the adolescents on death row, the family histories revealed distinctive signs such as sexual abuse, violence between parents, extreme violence with weapons by family members, physical abuse, parental alcoholism, and parental psychiatric hospitalizations" (Crespi 353). Child abuse has a substantial effect on many juvenile, as well as hardened, criminals. "The adolescents were ashamed by ...

University of Southern Indiana SAT Scores, Aid and More

University of Southern Indiana SAT Scores, Aid and More University of Southern Indiana Description: The University of Southern Indiana first opened its doors in 1965 as a regional campus of Indiana State University. Today the 330-acre campus in Evansville is an independent state university. The university is made up of five colleges: business, education and human services, liberal arts, nursing and health professions, and science and engineering. Some of the most popular choices are business, advertising, and education degrees, and professional programs related to business and health are particularly popular among undergraduates. Students can join a number of on-campus groups and activities, including: academic clubs (Art Club, German Club, Philosophy Club); religious groups (Campus Outreach, Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Young Life); and recreational clubs (Archery, Jane Austen Society, Table Top Club). On the athletic front, the USI Screaming Eagles compete in the NCAA Division II Great Lakes Valley Conference. Popular sports include Track and Field, Cross Country, Baseball, and Soccer. Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016): University of Southern Indiana Acceptance Rate: 92%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 450 / 540SAT Math: 440 / 540SAT Writing: 420 / 525What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 19 / 25ACT English: 18 / 25ACT Math: 18 / 25ACT Writing: - / -What these ACT numbers mean Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 10,668  (9,585 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 38% Male / 62% Female71% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $7,605  (in-state); $17,847 (out-of-state)Books: $1,140 (why so much?)Room and Board: $8,896Other Expenses: $2,302Total Cost: $19,943  (in-state); $30,185 (out-of-state) University of Southern Indiana Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 89%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 70%Loans: 58%Average Amount of AidGrants: $6,590Loans: $7,213 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Advertising, Art, Business Administration, Elementary Education, Health Services, Marketing, Nursing, PsychologyWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 70%Transfer-out Rate: 38%4-Year Graduation Rate: 19%6-Year Graduation Rate: 38% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Baseball, Golf, Soccer, Basketball, Tennis, Track and Field, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Soccer, Softball, Tennis, Volleyball, Basketball, Golf, Cross Country, Track and Field Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like the University of Southern Indiana, You May Also Like These Schools: Indiana State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBall State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPurdue University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphIndiana University - Bloomington: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphButler University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphFranklin College: Profile  Bellarmine University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Kentucky: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Louisville: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphValparaiso University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAnderson University: Profile   University of Southern Indiana Mission Statement: mission statement from usi.edu/about/mission-vision USI is an engaged learning community advancing education and knowledge, enhancing civic and cultural awareness, and fostering partnerships through comprehensive outreach programs. We prepare individuals to live wisely in a diverse and global community.

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Final - Essay Example This report will examine how the ministry collected information, the major events that occurred in the ministry, the plans that the ministry has to improve its performance, the challenges that the ministry faced, and recommendations as to how these challenges can be mitigated. The goal of my ministry is to spread useful information to every part of our empire within the shortest time possible. As the minister I aim to facilitate the smooth running of this ministry. I will unite my team and motivate them to work towards achieving this goal. I believe information is vital to the economic growth of our empire. The ministry was involved in collecting information in various fields. I led my team to collect information and analyze it. The collected information, after analysis, was sent to the concerned Parties for necessary action to be expedited. We, as a ministry, ensured that all the necessary information including the texts were handwritten and published in the sense of being made public and distributed in relative numbers. We saw that it was essential for your Excellency to be acquainted with the fact that it is our gratification that all limitations which were formerly advanced in official pronouncements regarding the Christians should be known by all, and this was our mandate as a ministry (Rosenwein 313). We worked hand in hand with other stakeholders including other ministries like the ministry of finance, the ministry of security, and the ministry of the police to collect intelligence information from all over the empire. Our spying team collected information from those people who were spreading propaganda against the leadership in our empire, and those who were spreading negative rumors were punished according to the laws of the land, your Excellency. I ensured that all your speeches were well written and published. All your directives were forwarded by my team to the various departments for necessary actions by various bodies. The

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 7

Project Management - Essay Example In order to ensure the success of the Scantel project, Brian Callister who is an engineer and the acting manager of CSU together with an engineer and a technician was given three months deadline to report to VIL board regarding the following: (1) expected outcome of possible technical problems; (2) assess the feasibility of developing the concept into a working prototype; and (3) plan the development tasks which would lead to the prototype stage. Based on Callister’s suggested Scantel network diagram, the researcher will analyze and identify the key factors that may contribute to the delay of project completion. In line with this matter, the researcher will provide reasons that could promote the projects’ potential risks of delays. Eventually, the researcher will provide some strategies that could keep the project done within the preferred schedule. To be able to analyze the possible cause of bottleneck in each stages of the network diagram that was proposed by Callister and eventually develop an effective strategy that could prevent the delay upon completing the Scantel project within the desired schedule. Based on the simplified network diagram proposed by Callister, the major bottleneck with regards to the Scantel project occurs more on: (1) display system; (2) the chassis & body; and (3) the lens and housing. (See Figure I – Simplified Network Diagram on page 16) The display system is referring to the simplified sub-system of the whole plan. It shows the major events that will be needed in order to manufacture, test and calibrate the end product within a specific period of time. The problem with the display system is with regards to its accuracy. Considering the fact that the time allocation for producing the lens and housing is unknown, the whole schedule based on the plan is making the display system less accurate. For instance, the time allocation for producing the lens and housing will take longer time to produce than

Reliance on EC Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reliance on EC Law - Essay Example The state will be held liable if it fails to implement the provisions of the EC Directives properly and within the date prescribed for such implementation. Individuals can seek the Court’s intervention, if their rights are breached, due to the non – implementation or improper implementation of Directives, on the basis of the doctrine of state liability. However, in such cases, the violation committed by the state should be of a serious nature2. For instance,the ECJ held in the Angonese case that Article 39 EC is directly effective. This Article deals with the free movement of workers3. The European Court of Justice, through its case law, had established that certain Treaty Articles would have direct effect. However, not all Treaty Articles have that characteristic, and some Articles do not provide rights to individuals. Such Articles, under no circumstances, can have direct effect. The prominent case in this regard was that of Van Duyn v. Home Office4. The principles relating to direct effect were discussed threadbare in this case. The Van Duyn case was chiefly based on Article 39 EC Treaty, which provides for the freedom of movement of workers throughout the community. This Article was designed to have direct effect. In order to have direct effect, a provision must be legally justifiable, or the provision should be deemed to be appropriate, for a court to enforce it. Such provisions should be free of ambiguity for the purpose of enforcement by a Member State5. In Defrenne v Sabena6, the ECJ held that Treaty Articles would have direct effect between individual and the state as well as between two private individuals7. Dev, a school teacher, applied for seven days paid leave in March 2008, which was refused on the grounds that he was eligible for only three days, in accordance with the Study and Training Act. Dev can take recourse to EU law for claiming seven days paid leave. He can file a case in the national courts against the

Appropriation and Important Postmodern Strategy

Appropriation and Important Postmodern Strategy Important shifts in visual strategies in the arts mark the historic cross-over from the Modern to the postmodern paradigm. While this holds equally true in music and literature, it is the evolution of such strategies in the visual arts that this essay concentrates on. While such demarcation cannot be pinned down to a specific year or date, it is possible to convincingly chart this shift via an examination of the working strategies of three important painters: Americans Andy Warhol and David Salle, and Australias Imants Tillers. Postmodern art, by definition, rejects strict genre confines and, unlike modern art, celebrates the mixing of forms and ideas. As a result of this rejection, postmodernism advertises the use of irony, parody, satire, humour and collage. The use of appropriation in art is a useful strategy for commenting on or criticising aspects of life by recontextualising an image or object of already determined meaning. Giving new meaning to, or building upon the meaning of, an existing idea by redefining its context is an effective tool that alters or interferes with the viewers original association with an object or idea. This being immediately recognisable as a postmodern approach due to its embrace of contradiction, diversity and the unconventional. This is important as the message translates easily, giving meaning to a modern day audience. David Salles Tragedy, 1995, is a diptych. The right-hand panel is performed in grisaille, a technique predominantly used to render figures from one base colour or monotones, greatly accentuating the mood. In this panel are two figures, a smirking female, obliquely behind the main male figure who sits with hands on knees with the face distorted into a grotesque parody of despair. The left panels apparent pastiche is backgrounded by what appears to be a domestic scene derived from a 1950s advertisement, possibly a direct reference to Richard Hamiltons landmark artwork Just what is it that makes todays homes so different, so appealing? (1956), a work widely considered as a seminal precursor to Pop art. There is also a possible death motif in reference to the Cold War and the anxiety of the Atomic age of the post-WW2 West. In the centre is a black and white photograph of a bomb blast, surrounded by lemons, with a black glove at the top right corner. The explosion could also be representational of death, as well as the black glove being a traditional mourning trope, these funerary motifs all relating back to the tragic tone of the artwork, and the mans expression. Salles work is more about juxtaposition which he uses as a strategy to destabilise the ways in which we traditionally see, and at the same time reconfigure traditional visual narrative. He leans heavily on a simple strategy of montaging images of the banal and everyday. The effect is jarring and visually disturbing. In this, we can see his indebtedness to the better aspects of Pop like Warhol and James Rosenquist. Salle also created another diptych work entitled Comedy (1995) using the same layout, but mirrored with opposite facial expressions on the figures; as the man with an exaggerated frown in Tragedy now smiles in Comedy. The left panel of Comedy is also rendered in grisaille. In the right panel, an advertisement for a bedroom suite is set on its side and like the artists early works is collaged with additional imagery: a black and white photograph of a headless female fashion mannequin, enclosed by a garland of butterflies, and below a theatrically ruffled harlequin collar.   The paired titles may refer directly to Salles set and costume designs for ballet and theatre, as well as his endeavour into directing the 1995 feature film Search and Destroy. The tropes of the frilled glove and harlequin collar in Salles work of the early nineties hints to his involvement with the performing arts. A cinematic feel can also be identified in Salles juxtapositions of scenes that conjure a cinematic impression in which components are arranged to produce an alternative meaning that is not, indeed cannot, be seen in the singular images alone. The fact that the images of the man in the foreground are reversed when comparing Comedy and Tragedy also gives the viewer an ironic configuration of the Janus, the tragic and comic faces are referenced, via each other, into a singular idea. The God Janus was the protector of gates and doors, beginnings and endings and dates to Roman times. But beyond the traditional trope of the Janus, is the fact that he is two-faced. It may be of some interest to note that, before making it big as an artist Salle worked for a short time in the late 1970s as a paste-up artist for  Stag magazine, a pornographic publication. It is interesting to note that highly sexualised and fetish images making a regular appearance in his works of the 1980s. In  Tragedy  the main figure is haloed by a biomorphic shape, at once visceral and phallic. If this motif is indeed phallic, along with the bomb blast possibly symbolising a premature explosion, Tragedy may well portray a failure of male potency. Taking this reading,  Comedy must surely read as the opposite: the main male figure beams, proud and confident as opposite a bio-morphically enclosed female mannequin in a flowing gown stands without a head. The fact the female mannequin is headless is also interesting, being without identity, the female strictly objectified. The porn aesthetic is genuinely interesting though. While porn does not read compositionally the same as any other figurative traditions, porns narratives run to succinct, highly predictable paradigms. Pasting-up, now a dead skill as all such work is now done on a computer, was physically very much like a collage. Pasting-up is a compositional exercise where images and/or text are literally separate physical items pasted into position on a board for photo reproduction prior to final printing. So we could argue that some of Salles visual sensibility the recurring figures and images, the outlines of figures and objects cast over earlier images and grounds could have derived from his work for a porn publication. Salle was raised on the mythology of the Abstract Expressionists. Accordingly, the scale of his work is New York School-size; his 1995 diptych Tragedy is over 3.5 metres in length. Salle also defers to the Abstract Expressionist myth of all-over composition, the famous domain of Jackson Pollock. But rather than the frenetic, energetic marks of Pollocks famous Poured Period, Salle crams his canvasses full of eclectic figures and objects, often dissimilar and jarring, often seemingly disconnected and layered. It is an ironic homage to the macho painters of the New York School. Salle is widely considered one of the early blatantly postmodern painters by virtue of his subversion of the recognisable, and by distorting the familiar via awkward juxtapositions and unlikely compositional decisions. He drew from such widely artistic traditions as Minimalism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Realism and Cubism as well as images from popular culture. Although much of his work seems highly symbolic, Salles paintings seem not to contain a specific message, but rather leave space for the viewer to interact, to read into, the work. It is this interaction that brings the work to meaningful completion. This active engagement of the viewer is also a prime postmodern strategy. Imant Tillers use of quotation and appropriation has seen him classified as one of the early postmodern painters. His approach has a clearly personal element, despite appropriating imagery from both unknown and famous artists alike. Tillers 1985 work The Nine Shots is a an abstract figure who appears to be laying sprawled on his back, with nine target shapes all about him. Instantly, one can see the direct influence of Indigenous art influence on this piece. Tillers notably recontextualises the circular Indigenous motif for camp site or resting place to represent bullet holes. The main Aboriginal image Tillers has appropriated in The Nine Shots was Michael Nelson Tjagamarras Five dreamings, 1982. This appropriation lead to some considerable controversy, with allegations that appropriating Aboriginal imagery without permission impinged upon the moral privileges of the artist. The offence being exacerbated by the indissolubility of Aboriginal art from its environment. Tillers seemingly questioned identity established by and arising from locality by displaying appropriated cultural imagery with other images from different contexts. Over the next decade Tillers relationship with aboriginal art developed, even to the point of gaining a personal friendship with Tjagamarra whose work he incorporated without permission, the two even collaborating together in Nature Speaks: Y (Possum Dreaming) in 2001 using Aboriginal Walibri motifs. Walibri icons subsequently appearing as common elements in Tillers later work as a result. Tillers appropriation of aboriginal signs seems now to be more an appreciation of their artistic power. Although there has been no change in Tillers practice of appropriating Aboriginal art in his own work without permission, it could be deduced that the moral dilemma surrounding the re-using of sacred Aboriginal artworks has become less controversial, its treatment becoming more alike non-aboriginal art. While appropriating, building upon, borrowing from and being influenced by others art is now a mainstay of postmodern art, it is never going to be without hazard as art is not confined to particular types of objects. Aboriginal art it is a device of selfdom, a title deed to the land, a cypher of ancestral presence. It is the situation that Aboriginal law reserves rights to produce these sacred works to a limited group of artists and the infraction of these rights in the unauthorised borrowing of such art can be seen as a type of sacrilege that affects the foundation of the artists society. While widely recognised as the chief proponent of the Pop idiom, specific early works by Andy Warhol can retrospectively demonstrate the decline of the Modernist period. Warhols rejection of the machismo of the New York School is a classic Oedipal strategy. The best of the Abstract Expressionists had traded heavily on the supposed Jungian content of their work, whereby meaning was derived from the actual physical laying down of paint on canvas. Most notable of these, of course, was Jackson Pollock who was on the record in interview touting his Jungian pedigree. By implication also, this Jungian ideal cashed out on the implicit value of originality. To witness the extent to which adoration of the authentic mark of the artist extended, one only need examine the huge, stark calligraphic works of Franz Klein. But Warhol was notable in his total rejection of these ideas. His foppish, effeminate persona stood starkly at odds with the Abstract Expressionists who, we must remember, were still practising in the years of Warhols emergence in the early 1960s. In place of the Abstract Expressionists tortured surfaces were Warhols radically underworked monochrome renditions of newspaper advertisements and newspaper headlines as in  $199 Television, 1961. Warhols Campbells soup can, along with images of CocaCola bottles and Marilyn Monroe became the Pop Art movements representing motifs. The soup can being a satirical comment on Americas consumerism. By using the familiar image of Marilyn Monroes face he has turned it purely into an icon of pop culture, and no longer a person with depth and character. Her depiction is now just a shallow symbol of fame and beauty. Warhols signature use of the silkscreen completed his rejection of the New York style of painting of the late 1940s and 1950s. The silkscreen stood as a reproducible artwork, and the mechanic nature of this production put the artists hand at one remove from the finished product, especially given Warhol employed assistants to make the actual work while he stood as supervisor, and oversaw production.   In 1964 Warhol was one of ten artists commissioned to produce work for the World Trade Fair to be held in New York. Warhols contribution, Most Wanted Men, 1964 featured silkscreen portraits taken from FBI mugshots. This mural-sized work was installed on the outside wall of the Circarama, a one hundred foot circular cinema in which a 360-degree view of New York was projected. Within days of its installation, however, the Circaramas architect, Philip Johnson, had asked Warhol to remove Most Wanted Men, saying the New York State governor thought it would offend the many Italians among his constituents, given all the men depicted were Italian. Given twenty-four hours to replace or remove the work, Warhol had his assistants scale ladders and cover the portraits with industrial silver paint. The strategy is intriguing. Beginning with the idea of appropriating photographs, photo-silkscreening them to find the appropriate scale, and then, after the order that it be removed, Warhol chooses not to replace the work, but complete it with the metaphoric mirroring of the silver paint-out of the original image.   In real terms then, the interference or censoring offered by the Trade Fair organisers and associated politicians, did not necessarily result in a failure of this work. In the same way that many postmodern artists position their viewers to interact with a work in order to complete it, or find meaning, so Warhol played with the critical interference he was offered in a way that served the work and, perhaps more importantly, appended Most Wanted Men with a complex narrative that sited the artist as the  enfant terrible or provocateur who, in completing the work with a crude, industrial silver skin, metaphorically throws an unacknowledged and (given the ambiguity of its title, homoerotic) Narcissistic impulse back in the faces of the authorities. So whether the artists intent is purely representing a personal side of themselves to an audience, or to provoke controversy and questioning from the public, the use of appropriation is a useful strategy of postmodernity as it requires the participation of audience thought to make a work complete. This would seem very unconventional to Modern art, but thats what makes appropriation or recontextualization such a powerful postmodern tool. Salles personal love of the theatrical, Tillers questioning of sacred aboriginal art or Warhols parodic use of popular and commercial products; As can be seen from these well known artists and artworks of the postmodern era, building upon or giving new meaning to an image or object is a very efficient way of producing art with a message behind it.

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 :: Free Essays on 1984

In the world of 1984, Winston rebels against the party, but not only does he do it in a different ways but his displeasure with the society leads him on to rebel numerous times. First of all, Winston has committed a â€Å"thought crime†, a crime which is used to prevent the individual from thinking and the penalty for committing a thought crime was death (so he thought). Winston knew he was guilty for the crime but at the same time he assumes that he is not going to be detected or caught, at least in he beginning. One thing Winston did was keeping a diary. A diary was of the more serious thought crimes. In his diary, it is pointed out of his sexual frustrations, along with the displeasure of society as a whole. In his diary, he expresses that he longs for the pleasures of the past that were once allowed but no longer due to the power of the Party. However his frustration leads to other things that were also deemed illegal and would eventually lead to his final downfall. Winsto n later goes on and meets a woman named Julia. He knows what he is doing is definitely wrong and is a crime but his dissatisfaction with life and his sexual frustration lead him to the wrong conclusion. That he still thinks that he can get away with this and that the thought police will never catch him. This is where Winston unconsciously seals his fate of being caught but he feels the adventure is well worth the risk. Later in the relationship, they both are aware that the end to them is near. There were a couple of things that Winston owned that were deemed illegal but ironically the glass paperweight seemed to be the most important. First of all, the paperweight serves no purpose in the world that Winston lives in. Another thing about it was that it represented individuality to him because he thought of it as a world in which he and Julia lived in and nobody could touch it, even the Party. Finally, it reminded him of the past, the past in which there was a better world and a worl d in which the Party never wanted anybody to think about again. â€Å"Ignorance is Stregenth†, one of the terms coined along with â€Å"War is Peace† and â€Å"Freedom is Slavery†, is used by the Party as a way of brainwashing the people of Oceania.

Learning Styles Essay

Having studied a small number of learning styles I will evaluate my own personal learning style and how I can use this through the next three years of my life at Bucks New University. I will look at the most popular theories in use today and their value in today’s world. The theory of individual learning styles began in the 1970’s and developed thoroughly in the 1980’s becoming more and more popular in recent years. The use of MRI scan data was added to already developing theories to understand how the brain processed information. (Revell, P, May 05) A learning review carried out in 2004 by the ‘Learning and Skills Research Centre’ revealed that there are 71 established learning style theories, a number of these are very similar in style. I am going to focus on 3 widely used theories methods, David Kolb’s learning style model, Honey & Mumford’s Learning Style Questionnaire and Fleming’s VARK. (Image) This diagram shows the ‘cycle of learning’ created by Kolb. David Kolb, began developing his Learning Style model in 1971, he then published his learning style model in 1984. The model is made of 4 learning styles; experience, reflection, reflecting and planning. In his cycle of learning Kolb describes that we will experience something, reflect on what happened, think how we can change or what we can use again and then act upon this and do it again changing any mistakes we made first time round, therefore repeating the cycle. For example when learning to ride a bike you may fall off due to hitting a tree (the experience,) look at what why we hit the tree, not looking up? (reflect,) think about how we can change why we fell off, look forward as we are riding (plan) and then finally try again to ride looking forward. This cycle may repeat itself many times before we get right what we was trying to learn. Honey & Mumford’s questionnaire (IMAGE) In 1992 Peter Honey and Alan Mumford created a questionnaire for learners to identify their learning style. The questionnaire originally consisted of 80 questions but this has been shortened and made available with only 40 question’s. Honey and Mumford’s model is based heavily on the Kolb model but focuses in on the in-between stages of the cycle. They agree with Kolb that all stages are crucial to learning, they suggest that some people tend to be happier with one stage of the cycle over others. (Cameron, S 1995) Honey and Mumford determined four learning styles that people may prefer to use than trying to use the whole cycle of Kolb’s model. The four stages are, activists, reflectors, theorists and pragmatists. Activists are very open minded, will try new things without much thought, are very sociable and probably prefer group work. However they are likely to get bored very quickly and find it hard to sit still for long periods of time. Activists will most likely be the planners within the marketing industry as they have lots of experiences and enjoy overcoming obstacles, they will most likely be watched closely by the manager due to their tendencies to jump in, act and think afterwards. Reflectors are much more passive and will think in much more depth before reaching any decision’s, they will tend to take more of a back seat role and observe others. A reflective member of staff would make be good in a manager role because they think with their heads, not their heart and would therefore make decisions that are more informative. Theorists enjoy approaching problems logically and having information to back up theories. Theorists are very good at analysing data and researching in depth. They can struggle to work with activists as they act first then think whereas theorists will think (a lot) before acting. Theorist would be best at doing marketing research and analysing the information as this something they excel at. Pragmatists like the freedom of creating something new, they don’t like being restricted to set ideas. They enjoy problem solving and are very practical but they do get bored very quickly. Pragmatists would be fantastic in a creative environment and therefore perfect for creating advertisements using their initiative. Flemings VARK VARK stands for Visual, Aural, Read/write and Kinaesthetic. Fleming developed his theory based on previous VAK modes but added the read/write in 1987. ‘From what I read and observed, it seemed obvious that some students had a distinct preference for the written word whilst others preferred symbolic information’ (Fleming, N. 2006) Fleming’s questionnaire has 16 question, so that people take it more seriously and do not get bored while filling out the questionnaire. Visual learners prefer to look at images and the use of colour. When making notes a visual learner will use images, symbols and highlight key words with colour. When planning a piece of work visual learners may use mood boards and mind maps for them to get inspiration from before forming into words. Audio learners prefer to listen to lectures or having things explained to them, they enjoy group discussions and are very good at describing visual things in great detail. Audio learners can benefit from reading aloud their notes while recording themselves. When planning for a piece of work an audio learner may find it better to speak through their ideas with a friend. Read/write learners much prefer to write down notes and take information from text books, when breaking down statistical information they will describe any trends instead of drawing them. Read/write learners will excel at essay writing and when planning a piece of work they will write lists and notes. Kinaesthetic learners prefer to just try new things and touch things to help them learn. Field trips for the ideal for kinaesthetic learners as they can take in all the information around them, without getting bored. When completing a piece of work they will just use trial and error until they get it right. Without acknowledging your own style you may encourage your team to focus on issues from a certain perspective and miss the opportunities that result from different approaches. A team has a collective learning style all of its own. (Haygroup) My learning style After completing the 1982 version of the Honey and Mumford questionnaire I scored: Activist 6 Reflector16 Theorist15 Pragmatist 8 From these results I now understand that I prefer to step back and observe others, I require more time and information to make decisions. From previous experience I would say that I totally agree with this for example when making a decision about any expensive purchase I will always look at information about and research the best prices before making a decision. So I do regularly use the reflector and theorist styles. From completing the 13 question VARK questionnaire I have scored: Visual1 Audio0 Read/write4 Kinaesthetic 7 From these results I can see that I am kinaesthetic learner, this contradicts my findings from the Honey and Mumford questionnaire where I found id rather observe and take in information. Where as from this VARK questionnaire I have found that id rather use trial and error and learn using hands on methods. This contradictions surprise me as the styles are so different but I do understand that this is true to me, I do prefer to learn on my own and take in a lot of information before creating an essay but when it comes to learning how to use something new I prefer to just hold it and try it out. Conclusion From my research I have found that many of the learning styles are very similar but are constructed in their own way and helps the learner to establish their style in its individual way. Kolb’s learning theory would not be able to be broken up into sections but the Honey and Mumford theory is based on Kolb’s so I can be compared to the VARK theory I have also looked at. I do believe I can pair these up as follows because they have very similar tendencies. Active and Visual learners like images to stimulate them. Reflectors and Audio would prefer to look back at a lecture and re-do their notes to suit them. Theorists and Read/Write learners prefer looking at information in texts. Pragmatists and kinaesthetic learners are both creative and get bored quickly. From what I have learnt form this essay and have found out about how I learn will help me study through the next three years without me struggling or getting bored. Learning style is the way human beings take in new and/or difficult information, how they process, store and retrieve it. (Prashnig, B: Debating Learning Styles) Having studied a small number of learning styles I will evaluate my own personal learning style and how I can use this through the next three years of my life at Bucks New University. I will look at the most popular theories in use today and their value in today’s world. The theory of individual learning styles began in the 1970’s and developed thoroughly in the 1980’s becoming more and more popular in recent years. The use of MRI scan data was added to already developing theories to understand how the brain processed information. (Revell, P, May 05) A learning review carried out in 2004 by the ‘Learning and Skills Research Centre’ revealed that there are 71 established learning style theories, a number of these are very similar in style. I am going to focus on 3 widely used theories methods, David Kolb’s learning style model, Honey & Mumford’s Learning Style Questionnaire and Fleming’s VARK. (Image) This diagram shows the ‘cycle of learning’ created by Kolb. David Kolb, began developing his Learning Style model in 1971, he then published his learning style model in 1984. The model is made of 4 learning styles; experience, reflection, reflecting and planning. In his cycle of learning Kolb describes that we will experience something, reflect on what happened, think how we can change or what we can use again and then act upon this and do it again changing any mistakes we made first time round, therefore repeating the cycle. For example when learning to ride a bike you may fall off due to hitting a tree (the experience,) look at what why we hit the tree, not looking up? (reflect,) think about how we can change why we fell off, look forward as we are riding (plan) and then finally try again to ride looking forward. This cycle may repeat itself many times before we get right what we was trying to learn. Honey & Mumford’s questionnaire (IMAGE) In 1992 Peter Honey and Alan Mumford created a questionnaire for learners to identify their learning style. The questionnaire originally consisted of 80 questions but this has been shortened and made available with only 40 question’s. Honey and Mumford’s model is based heavily on the Kolb model but focuses in on the in-between stages of the cycle. They agree with Kolb that all stages are crucial to learning, they suggest that some people tend to be happier with one stage of the cycle over others. (Cameron, S 1995) Honey and Mumford determined four learning styles that people may prefer to use than trying to use the whole cycle of Kolb’s model. The four stages are, activists, reflectors, theorists and pragmatists. Activists are very open minded, will try new things without much thought, are very sociable and probably prefer group work. However they are likely to get bored very quickly and find it hard to sit still for long periods of time. Activists will most likely be the planners within the marketing industry as they have lots of experiences and enjoy overcoming obstacles, they will most likely be watched closely by the manager due to their tendencies to jump in, act and think afterwards. Reflectors are much more passive and will think in much more depth before reaching any decision’s, they will tend to take more of a back seat role and observe others. A reflective member of staff would make be good in a manager role because they think with their heads, not their heart and would therefore make decisions that are more informative. Theorists enjoy approaching problems logically and having information to back up theories. Theorists are very good at analysing data and researching in depth. They can struggle to work with activists as they act first then think whereas theorists will think (a lot) before acting. Theorist would be best at doing marketing research and analysing the information as this something they excel at. Pragmatists like the freedom of creating something new, they don’t like being restricted to set ideas. They enjoy problem solving and are very practical but they do get bored very quickly. Pragmatists would be fantastic in a creative environment and therefore perfect for creating advertisements using their initiative. Flemings VARK VARK stands for Visual, Aural, Read/write and Kinaesthetic. Fleming developed his theory based on previous VAK modes but added the read/write in 1987. ‘From what I read and observed, it seemed obvious that some students had a distinct preference for the written word whilst others preferred symbolic information’ (Fleming, N. 2006) Fleming’s questionnaire has 16 question, so that people take it more seriously and do not get bored while filling out the questionnaire. Visual learners prefer to look at images and the use of colour. When making notes a visual learner will use images, symbols and highlight key words with colour. When planning a piece of work visual learners may use mood boards and mind maps for them to get inspiration from before forming into words. Audio learners prefer to listen to lectures or having things explained to them, they enjoy group discussions and are very good at describing visual things in great detail. Audio learners can benefit from reading aloud their notes while recording themselves. When planning for a piece of work an audio learner may find it better to speak through their ideas with a friend. Read/write learners much prefer to write down notes and take information from text books, when breaking down statistical information they will describe any trends instead of drawing them. Read/write learners will excel at essay writing and when planning a piece of work they will write lists and notes. Kinaesthetic learners prefer to just try new things and touch things to help them learn. Field trips for the ideal for kinaesthetic learners as they can take in all the information around them, without getting bored. When completing a piece of work they will just use trial and error until they get it right. Without acknowledging your own style you may encourage your team to focus on issues from a certain perspective and miss the opportunities that result from different approaches. A team has a collective learning style all of its own. (Haygroup) My learning style After completing the 1982 version of the Honey and Mumford questionnaire I scored: Activist 6 Reflector16 Theorist15 Pragmatist 8 From these results I now understand that I prefer to step back and observe others, I require more time and information to make decisions. From previous experience I would say that I totally agree with this for example when making a decision about any expensive purchase I will always look at information about and research the best prices before making a decision. So I do regularly use the reflector and theorist styles. From completing the 13 question VARK questionnaire I have scored: Visual1 Audio0 Read/write4 Kinaesthetic 7 From these results I can see that I am kinaesthetic learner, this contradicts my findings from the Honey and Mumford questionnaire where I found id rather observe and take in information. Where as from this VARK questionnaire I have found that id rather use trial and error and learn using hands on methods. This contradictions surprise me as the styles are so different but I do understand that this is true to me, I do prefer to learn on my own and take in a lot of information before creating an essay but when it comes to learning how to use something new I prefer to just hold it and try it out. Conclusion From my research I have found that many of the learning styles are very similar but are constructed in their own way and helps the learner to establish their style in its individual way. Kolb’s learning theory would not be able to be broken up into sections but the Honey and Mumford theory is based on Kolb’s so I can be compared to the VARK theory I have also looked at. I do believe I can pair these up as follows because they have very similar tendencies. Active and Visual learners like images to stimulate them. Reflectors and Audio would prefer to look back at a lecture and re-do their notes to suit them. Theorists and Read/Write learners prefer looking at information in texts. Pragmatists and kinaesthetic learners are both creative and get bored quickly. From what I have learnt form this essay and have found out about how I learn will help me study through the next three years without me struggling or getting bored. Reference List 1)Cameron, S. (2005) The business students handbook. March 2005. Essex. Pearson educated limited 2)Prashnig,B. (n. d) Debating Learning Styles http://www. creativelearningcentre. com/downloads/Debating%20LS. pdf 3)Revell,P. (May 2005) Each to their own:The Guardian http://www. guardian. co. uk/education/2005/may/31/schools. uk3 4)Fleming, N. , and Baume, D. (2006) Learning Styles Again: VARKing up the right tree! , Educational Developments, SEDA Ltd, Issue 7. 4, Nov. 2006, p4-7. http://www. vark-learn. com/documents/Educational%20 Developments. pdf 5)Haygroup http://www. haygroup. com/tl/Downloads/Why_People_Learn. pdf 6)Chapman,A (2005) Kolb learning styles http://www. businessballs. com/kolblearningstyles. htm 7)Kolbs learning cycle diagram http://www. ldu. leeds. ac. uk/ldu/sddu_multimedia/kolb/static_version. php 8)http://www. vark-learn. com/english/page. asp? p=hel[sheets