Environmental Science and Ethics: Global Warming Essay

A worldwide temperature alteration can be characterized as the ceaseless ascending of temperature of the globe. This marvel is realized by the ozone depleting substances that ascent into the environment. The gases are caught inside the environment by the sun’s vitality. The development of these gases had made the globe warm-up. National Resource Defense Council had noticed that that over the 50 years the normal worldwide temperature has expanded in a quick rate and as per researchers, this would proceed with still later on. It has been additionally investigated that normal temperature in the United States would build 3 to 9 degrees higher toward the century's end. Future forecasts from the Environmental Protection Agency of America uncover that the world would encounter progressively sweltering summers and exceptional rainstorms. As expressed over, the reason for Global Warming is the ozone harming substances. As indicated by the site, timeforchange. com, the significant common ozone depleting substances are water fume Carbon Dioxide, Methane and Ozone. At the point when daylight comes to the earth’s climate, it is assimilated and it warms the earth. A large portion of the warmth is encased in the climate at a more drawn out time than the daylight. This thusly makes the warming impact the world over. The ozone depleting substances acts like a reflector of warmth radiation to the Earth’s climate. Examination of specialists show that the higher the centralization of ozone harming substances, the higher would be the warmth reflected to the Earth’s air. The National Resource Defense Council (NRDC) shows that Carbon Dioxide is one of the significant givers of the nursery impact in the climate which causes around 9 to 26%. Coal consuming force plants are expressed as the biggest wellspring of Carbon Dioxide in the United States. Carbon Dioxide delivered each year is 2. 5 billion tons consistently. Cars are the second biggest source which produces 1. 5 billion tons consistently. In view of measurements from NRDC, the biggest wellspring of a dangerous atmospheric devation contamination is the United States. Making a proportion and extent assessment, Americans are 4 percent of the world’s populace. Be that as it may, the United States contributes 25% of the Carbon Dioxide contamination in the environment. Looking at numbers, 4% of the individuals in the globe produce a fourth of the contaminations. This lone shows that control is essential in this specific territory. Further exploring the marvel, there are four significant impacts of Global Warming. These are atmosphere design changes, wellbeing impacts, warming water and biological system interruption. Normal hotter temperatures ascends subsequently, the recurrence of warmth waves rises. The likelihood of having dry season and fierce blaze likewise increments. The hotter temperature results to a higher pace of vanishing during the periods of summer and fall. As proof, there has been a recorded dry season in the years 1999 to 2002. This has been noted as one of the across the board dry seasons over the most recent 40 years. Another is that the Firefighting uses have reliably expanded by $1 billion every year. Warmed atmospheres cause heat waves and the warmth waves bring about warmth related passings. In the year 2003, a gauge of 35,000 lives were guaranteed by heat waves in Europe. It very well may be additionally noticed that the temperature had arrived at 104 degrees Fahrenheit and the temperature had not changed for about fourteen days. Beside the warmth waves, the warmth had additionally caused expanded in weed development wherein the dust triggers sensitivities and causes asthma. Mosquitoes can additionally endure due to the expansion in temperature. Mosquitoes carryng dengue infections and Malaria can get by in heights as high as 7,200 feet in Colombia. The warming of water had caused all the more impressive and hazardous tropical storms as indicated by the NRDC. As clarified by the board, hotter water in the seas drives more vitality into hurricanes. This thusly makes the tempests become increasingly damaging and exceptional. As proof, the quantity of tempests inside the classification of 4 and 5 had expanded over the most recent 35 years. The 2005 Atlantic tropical storm season had demonstrated a record of 27 tempests where 15 of the tempests had become typhoons. Another is Hurricane Katrina that had occurred in the year 2005. The softening of ice sheets and ice defrost is likewise an impact of the warming water. Ski Resorts in the Alps according to Cline (2005) had every single expanded height and some ski resorts ought not be opened in view of the line of snow dependability had expanded. Further height of snow is required so as to work a ski resort. The Ecosystem movements and a portion of the animal categories bite the dust. Because of the hotter temperature, a portion of the animal varieties in the biological system kick the bucket on the grounds that the species can't receive to the hotter atmosphere. According to NRDC, there are more than one million animal types that would be terminated in the year 2050 due to a dangerous atmospheric devation. The most potential environments that would be influenced are thouse in the Alps, the tropical mountains and the mangrove timberlands. The hotter temperature and ascend in the ocean level would not have the option to help the biological systems sooner rather than later. There had been a few arrangements that had been a few arrangements that had been counted by the National Resource Defense Council. These are to spare vitality utilizing apparatuses that has the vitality star level on it. By having the option to spare vitality, this may have an impact in the vitality created by the coal consuming force plants. Another conceivable arrangement is the change of vehicles which are the second biggest supporter of the ozone depleting substances. The fuel consuming models of to-date would be altered by the power device innovation vehicles that would be presented in the following twenty years. This doesn't just concern vehicles yet in addition airplanes. There has been an investigation from the NRDC that the carrier business looks for data on green growth based fuel and biobutanol, which can be produced using sugar, beets, corn, wheat and straw. Last arrangement that can be noted in the report of the NRDC is the covering of coal underground. The United States is seeing future possibilities of changing over coal into an unmistakable consuming gas and catching Carbon Dioxide. The Carbon Dioxide would then be covered underground to keep it from being discharged to the air. Taking a gander at the impacts of the an Earth-wide temperature boost to the earth, it is just option to have laws and further research the issue. Notwithstanding, there are some who utilize this worldwide marvel as a way to pick up notoriety, cash, awards and chances for a superior life. Driessen (2007) had demonstrated the various edges that can be shown as a result of the a dangerous atmospheric devation wonder. The primary subject of his article shows that the issue of a worldwide temperature alteration had caused alert anyway it had likewise helped delivered money related and political motivating forces. It has been appeared in the article that the a few researchers had utilized the investigation of a worldwide temperature alteration to improve their odds of getting research awards and establishments in organizations, establishments and the legislature. Legislators gain certifications since they had placed in enthusiasm for a worldwide temperature alteration. They had put their pork barrels into ventures that would advance moral planetary insurance. Driessen (2007) had focused on that corporate duty was advanced by certain government officials. There are a few activities that should be nullified yet rather are commended by the individuals on the grounds that the outcomes of moves that had been made by the lawmakers are not appeared at present. The impacts of their activities must be found over the long haul. The lawmakers had solidified their associations with the earthy people in view of the natural security extends that they had ascribed in lieu of an unnatural weather change. Another gathering that had profited by the an Earth-wide temperature boost marvel are the earthy people. Driessen (2007) had observed the control of the natural activists that had driven them to utilize the a worldwide temperature alteration circumstance to raise reserves. It had become a system for these gatherings to have power over a worldwide asset using laws, settlements, guideline and weight battles. Ecological Defense of the legislature had accused the warming of the earth to the circumstance achieved by the expanding instances of ailment, for example, jungle fever. Seeing this point intently, the natural guard could have made preventive estimates like fumigation so as to slaughter the mosquitoes that cause these infections as opposed to accusing the atmosphere. There are likewise a few organizations that may utilize the circumstance to additionally publicize their item which shows a personal responsibility in the business. As indicated by an issue in New York Times by Revkin last 2005, the Bush Administration had made a few documentations on the notes about the atmosphere changes. It was appeared in the article that few authorities in the administration had controlled the information about the atmosphere due to the way that America has been demonstrating an exceptionally enormous commitment in the an unnatural weather change wonder. So as to conceal any hint of failure, the administration had attempted to change the readings in the atmosphere. In this manner, there were a few occurrences that showed that these were concealed by the administration authorities in the white house. Morally, as occupants of the Earth, the individuals must focus on taking care of the issue of an Earth-wide temperature boost and not on concentrating on things that are only for appear. Some may show that they are doing a specific thing to spare the planet however on the off chance that the deed is dissected all the more intently, it was being done so as to profit on what they can escape the individuals who might accept on their activities. An unnatural weather change is an intense theme and it needs every person’s collaboration so as to take care of things. Having the option to make activities and exploration that help examine an unnatural weather change isn't sufficient. What is significant in the issue of Global Warming is the activities that every single one would never really additionally harm of the marvel to the earth. REFERENCES Revkin, A. (2005). Shrubbery Aide Softened Greenhouse Gas Links to Globa

Martin Gansberg Thirty-Eight Who Saw Murder and Didn’t Call the Police Essay

The article by Martin Gansberg, Thirty-eight who saw murder and didn’t call the police, is about a confined occasion. I don’t think something like this happens a great deal. Ordinarily individuals would call the police or plan something for help the person in question. Yet, shockingly once in a while people can be freezing or even brutal, as for this situation. A few people just don’t care about what is happening around them, on the off chance that somebody needs assistance or some participation. It’s increasingly common for the individuals who live in huge urban areas in light of the fact that in a bustling urban life, in the group current they don’t have an opportunity to stop and dissect what might be the correct activity and they just don’t need to get included and put themselves in inconveniences. In modest communities individuals are increasingly responsive, and the circumstance like this would less inclined to occur. Something else that is influent is wrongdoing and viciousness scenes that individuals continually observe on TV, web, films. Individuals becoming acclimated to seeing that on television all the time, all things considered, see it like another show and simply watch with no activity and some of them even get amped up for how it’s all going to end. Fortunately I have never been in circumstance when I needed to report a wrongdoing in progress, however I know whether something happens I won't remain there and watch. Also, ideally I will never get in circumstance when I’m the person who needs assistance and nobody makes a difference. The initial line of the Martin Gansberg’s article â€Å"Thirty-eight who saw murder and didn’t call the police† states: â€Å" For the greater part an hour 38 good, decent residents in Queens viewed an exceptional tail and wound a lady in three separate assaults in Kew Gardens. † But it doesn’t imply that they were remaining around like in field viewing the executioner butchering a casualty from the earliest starting point as far as possible. The creator utilizes little embellishment to perform what occurred. It may not be the reality however it communicates author’s position. It shows how furious and disillusioned he is, it shows his judgment. In spite of the fact that scholars, particularly correspondents, have a moral obligation to be exact, little misrepresentation and bending can have a spot, what can help creator to communicate their position and their perspective. What makes a difference is the thing that precisely and what amount has been twisted. For instance, article says that the executioner made three endeavors to slaughter the lady. On the off chance that surely the casualty passed on from the principal endeavor and the executioner pursue away that, however creator changed the story to make it increasingly sensational, that would be intense bending of the story.

Problems in Decision-Making

Problems in Decision-Making Inspiration Print Problems in Decision-Making By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on April 25, 2019 Portra Images / Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Inspiration Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Brain Health Technology Relationships View All Each and every day we are faced with a multitude of decisions. Some of these are relatively small, such as deciding what to wear or what to have for breakfast. Others are big and can have a major influence on the course of our life, such as deciding where to go to school or whether to have children. Some decisions take time  while others must be made in a split-second. While we employ a number of different decision-making strategies, we also often fall prey to a number of common fallacies, biases, and other decision-making problems. Discover which decision-making mistakes and obstacles might be influencing the choices you make each and every day. Heuristics Decision-making problems are often the result of relying too heavily on mental shortcuts that have worked in the past. A heuristic is a sort of mental shortcut or rule of thumb that we utilize when making a judgment or decision. These heuristics help to lighten the mental load when we make choices, but they can also lead to errors. Heuristics come with a couple of major advantages. First, they allow us to reach conclusions quickly. Second, heuristics also tend to work quite frequently. But as with all kinds of shortcuts, they can sometimes have disadvantages. They can sometimes lead us to make mistakes and misjudge situations. Two common types of mental shortcuts are: The Representativeness Heuristic: This involves judging the probability of an event based upon how similar it is to our existing prototype of such an event. For example, gamblers often judge the probability that they will win their next game based on whether or not they won the last game. In reality, the games are not dependent upon each other and winning or losing is entirely up to chance.The Availability Heuristic: This involves judging the likelihood of an event based upon how quickly we can call similar events to mind. For example, you might believe that plane crashes are more common than they really are simply because you can quickly think of several examples of high profile airplane accidents. Overconfidence Another problem that can impact decision-making is our tendency to overestimate our own knowledge, skill, or judgment. In a classic experiment looking at this phenomenon, researchers Baruch Fischhoff, Paul Slovic, and Sarah Lichtenstein gave participants a variety of statements that had two different answers. Participants were asked to select the answer they believed was correct and then rate how confident they were in their answers. When people stated that they were 100% confident in their answers, they were only correct about 80% of the time. So why do people tend to be overconfident in their judgments? In a lot of cases, people might not realize how uninformed they are about a particular subject. Essentially, we dont know what we dont know.In other cases, the information we have about a particular topic might simply be wrong or it might come from unreliable sources. One example of this overconfidence is a type of cognitive bias known as the Dunning-Kruger effect. This bias causes people to overestimate their own intelligence and abilities, essentially blinding them to their own incompetence. No matter what the cause, this tendency to overestimate our own knowledge can lead to poor decisions. Imagine that you are traveling to Las Vegas with a friend. Youve been there a couple of times before so you assume that you know the route you should take and you instruct your friend to take a particular exit that you believe is the correct one. Unfortunately, you misremembered the route and the exit turns out to be the wrong one. Your overconfidence in your ability to navigate the route led to the wrong choice and added considerable time on to your journey. Hindsight Bias After something has happened, do you ever look back on the event and feel like you should have known what the outcome would be? In psychology, this tendency to look back retrospectively and easily spot all the signs leading up to a particular outcome is known as the hindsight bias. Sometimes referred to as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon, this tendency can lead us to believe that we can actually predict consequences in situations that are really dependent upon chance. For example, a gambler might mistakenly believe that they can accurately predict the outcome of a game of cards. In reality, there is no way that he can know what will happen  since the game is based upon probability. The hindsight bias can cause problems when it leads you to believe that you should have been able to foresee the outcome of situations that really werent that predictable. As a result, you might make future decisions based on the information you learned from past mistakes. Rather than relying on factors related to the present situation, you might find yourself trying to guess the outcome based upon other, possibly unrelated experiences. Illusory Correlation When making decisions, we sometimes see relationships that do not really exist. For example, we might believe that two unrelated events have some type of relationship simply because they occurred around the same time. In other cases, a one-time association between two different variables might lead us to assume that the two are somehow connected. For example, if you have a bad experience with a rude waitress, you might mistakenly believe that all waitresses are rude. This tendency to see relationships where none exist is known in psychology as an illusory correlation. In addition to leading to faulty beliefs, illusory correlations can also cause problems in the decision-making process. For example, imagine that you are interested in getting a new pet but you are not sure which type of pet you might want. A bad childhood experience with a dog might lead you to hold the mistaken belief that all dogs are aggressive and tend to bite. This can influence you as you make your choices about which pet to get, and might lead you to reject getting a puppy even though a dog would likely make a great pet for you. A Word From Verywell While we all like to believe that we make our choices based on logic and rationality, the fact is that there are a number of decision-making problems that can complicate this process. Being aware of some of these potential pitfalls might help you make better decisions in the future.

Who Is The American Civil War - 1245 Words

When an United States citizen is asked about the American Civil War, their first thought is usually about how the Union and Confederacy fought over whether man should or should not have the right to own slaves. While this issue was the main cause and the biggest factor that led to the American Civil War, it is not the only cause or factor. In Jeffery Dixon’s article, What Causes Civil Wars? There are two other big issue that cause counties to go war against each other. Those two other issues are; economy and geography. Civil Wars are fought over what land belongs to who and what is the best way to spend and receive money. The other two factors they would help eventually lead to the American Civil War are Protectionism and the crisis over†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The most widely accepted relationship between economic factors and civil war is that high-income nations are less likely to experience civil wars than low-income nations.† (Dixon 714). The disagreeme nts over how to spend money and tax imported goods, and how territories should be distributed, cause this one nation to fight against each other. The second factor that led to the American Civil War is the fight over new land. With obtaining new states let it be from buying them, negotiating for it, or full out taking over land from other countries, there was always the question of whether those states would be entered into the country as free states or slave states? The new land had been distributed equally between the free states and the slave states, but there was still fighting over the territories west of the Mississippi. Northern Mexico and California had been taken over by the United States kin 1848, and any states that were proslavery states wanted to expand their land and have more that were slaveholding states. The North did not want more slave holding states, they wanted to limit the increase of territory that was proslavery and to also limit the power proslavery states possessed. The American Civil was about more than if humans should have to right to own other human beings. It was also a fight over how money should be spent and imported and exported goods taxed; as well as how new land should be distributed. The South was benefitingShow MoreRelatedThe American Civil War, Wars, And Rumors Of Wars1183 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Civil War Wars, Wars and rumors of wars!!!! Everyone knows the United States has had its fair share of wars. Let me start by giving you a brief list of wars the United States has participated in according to Wikipedia. Both â€Å"Barbary Wars (1801-1805, 1815-1816), Wars of 1812, Mexican-American War (1846-48), American Civil War (1861-65), Indian War (1865-91), Spanish-American War( 1898), Philippine-American War (1899-1902) Border War(Mexican Revolutionary)1910-1919, World War I (1917-18)Read MoreThe Civil War And American History890 Words   |  4 Pages In American History many significant events took place that reflected religious faith of multiple Americans and has shaped the world we live in today. Throughout the 1800s, the most memorable times in America took place throughout the Civil War. Events that escalated before, during and even following the Civil War resulted in a chain of reactions from many people within that period. After analyzing the events of the Civil War, I was able to draw a connection to the actions of the soldiers, womenRead MoreNative American in the Civial War1380 Words   |  6 PagesNative Americans in the Civil War The American Civil War was fought between the Unions, from the northern region of America, and the Confederacy, from the southern region of America. A war that was started because of slavery and fought between western europeans and incidentally people who live on the land such as Native American. The battles fought were all over the land in America. So, if a territory was on the land, then the people who lived there would inevitably get involved with the war. BattlesRead MoreWhat Caused The American Civil War1634 Words   |  7 PagesWhat caused the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865? There has been several different debates and disputes about the causes of the American Civil War. Historians have stated slavery was the primary cause of the American Civil War, while other historians have argued there were other causes and effects in conjunction with slavery. Research has shown all historians did agree upon the division between the North, known as the Union, and the South, known as the Confederacy, battled on the soil of theRead MoreUnderstanding The Civil War1710 Words   |  7 Pages Civil War Chris Cowan HIS/155 November 11, 2015 Civil War Understanding the Civil War is very important, to understand the way America has been shaped through out the past couple of centuries. Shelby Foote, a historian, believed that the Civil War defines the people in America. The Civil War was a war involving the North (The Union) and the South (The Confederates) who had different points of view over whether or not slavery was justified. Ultimately around 600,000 Americans lost theirRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War1423 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans were a very important addition to the American Civil War such as fighting and spying for both the north and the south sides. The American Civil War was a war fought in the United States between the North and South states. The war was from 1861-1865 and was because the South wanted to establish itself as a separate nation. The northern states were called the Union and the southern states were called the Confederate. Between the north and south states were the Border Stat es, whichRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War905 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil war occurred about seventy-eight years after the American Revolution, and has many of the same characteristics of a revolution. In both wars, the American people fought for what they believed in and the way of life that they wished to live. However, the two wars differ from each other, as the soldiers that fought in the Civil War fought a new American Revolution that could have split the new world. The Confederate soldiers in the Civil War fought to keep their way of life withoutRead MoreIn What Way the African Americans Shaped the Course and Consequences of the Civil War? Confine Your Answer to the Years from 1861 and 1870.1038 Words   |  5 PagesIn what way the African Americans shaped the course and consequences of the Civil War? Confine your answer to the years from 1861 and 1870. Immediately after the election and inauguration of Abraham Lincoln, the newly-established Republican Party’s presidential nominee, eleven states of the South seceded from the Union. These events marked the beginning of the Civil War and the war was a result of many political tensions that had emerged between the North and the South in the prior decades, allRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1706 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"A house divided against itself cannot stand.† In the 1800s, the American nation was slowly becoming a house divided against itself. The United States were no longer united, mainly over the issue of slavery. In fact, many historians believe that, â€Å"From the nation’s founding, the issue of slavery threatened to tear the United States apart.† (â€Å"The Civil War† 1). The issue of slavery was always kept at bay through the utilization of various compromises; however a permanentRead MoreThe American Civi l War1418 Words   |  6 PagesGuns fired, smoke lingering in the air, people dying. The American Civil War had a huge impact on the United States. Two compromises took place before the start of the Civil War. These compromises include the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in place

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English Literature Free Essays

Causing the Rising in altitude though Create their While slicing lives for Thus only stumps appear Give birth to yourself; don’t wait for a mid-wife I know that everybody dies; we know that not everybody lives Can’t be done thinking thanks; still holding to the green leaves I haven’t made it yet; still have hopes to make it in future Nobody knows tomorrow; the things to happen, we only hope to picture What they take for granted today seemed Impossible yesterday, to structure I want to be used for a greater purpose; far way bigger than myself Life Is good; I want It to be deter for l, Me and Myself. I wrote a letter to time, asking him for more time The things I hope to accomplish in future is enormous; I need more than time Checks and balances; everything being equal, my life is balanced Heard equality is unattainable; many still feed on diets that are not balanced Could it be that life is not fair to some people? Is it then dark? So far there is life, there is hope; this is beyond the slate minds that are blank Imitation is limitation I heard; Am so busy trying to make my own impression My impressions will be baseless If I don’t conquer the limits f my limitation Thank God for the gift of life; be happy and free to live your God- giving life Life Is good; Yes! It will be better for all have life and still strife. The future Is so competitive; I have the best In anticipation To the best of memory; All in the past has been solidification of the foundation I pray, the temple of my life your life; let no pirate sail above You are in charge, take control of your ship and sail against the tides of the sea With a focused third eye; all that you seek to look, you will surely see These walls don’t keep a secret; Am obsessed with life, want to keep living . We will write a custom essay sample on English Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now How to cite English Literature, Papers English Literature Free Essays 1. Test-Theodore Thomas By P. Baburaj, Senior Lecturer, Dept. We will write a custom essay sample on English Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now of English, Sherubtse college, Bhutan Author of: Language and writing, DSB Publication Thimphu Communicative English, P. K. Books, Calicut A perception on Literary Criticism, P. K. Books, Calicut ? A fantasy ? Story takes place in an advanced form of hypnosis In simple level the protagonist-Robert Proctor behaves responsibly but he is denied the license. The story is futuristic. ? Contains the elements of a science fiction. ? Uses technical and scientific facts. Science fiction A broad genre of fiction that often involves speculation based on current/future science and technology. It is a fiction based on futuristic science. A form of fiction normally set in future that deals with an imaginary scientific or technological development. It is a kind of writing in any literary piece through science background but not necessary that everything written can be based on facts. The writing includes science but it is not a real thing, just an imagination/imaginative work presented through science. Features of science fiction Based on technology and science. Related article: Short Story Woman Unknown by Rabindranath Tagore Futuristic (making prediction about life in future) * Make believe the reader. Examples ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Too badIsaac Asimov. Robert- Isaac Asimov. Test- Theodore Thomas. Mirror ImageLena Coakley. All summer in a dayRay Brad Ben. ‘The Test’ is a Mixture of action stories and realism. The story explores the theme of the ethics of the power of the state to ‘control’ its citizens. -Individual versus state. ? Short and direct sentences are used to maintain the pace of action (esp. during the accident scene). ? Story shows how writers are using sentence length to create mood. Short sentences create a sense of tension, urgency and fast action. ? Longer sentences-slow the pace and create a more thoughtful environment. ? Story has two plots-in two different times or two different states of mind. 1) Accident (Hypnotizing) 2) Action in the testing centre The story brings an interesting platform for discussion of the individual rights and rights of the state. The story is an attack on all forms of totalitarian or authoritarian forms of government which harness individual freedom and identity. ? Citizen under such governments becomes mere ‘cog’ in the wheel. â€Å"Men are born free but always in chain†- Jean Jacque Rousseau Chain of religion, cast, region, wealth all these come in the way to check our innate freedom. Thus men are â€Å"Robert Proctors†. Even though Robert Proctor meets with an accident in the state of hypnotism but he behaves responsibly, but at the end fails miserably. Emotions expressed here are true but the incident that he imagines never takes place. ? Story is about humanities need for power-power to control others ideas/opinions/self identity, through totalitarian governments control because of fear that something may happen. Test is derived from the fear of diversification and self identity. ? The foundation of the world is based on ‘control’. Hypnotism itself is a form of control. Symbo ls ? Blue uniform-police and government’s dominance over modern citizen. ? Robert Proctor-being watched throughout, recorded and observed all his actions. ? ‘Big brother’ (authority) always watching him (citizen) Modern man has been observed like a rabbit or a rat in the experiments-unable to show ones identity and individuality. This is the dilemma of modern man under the totalitarian form of govt. govt. cts like a dictator. By P. Baburaj, Senior Lecturer, Dept. of English, Sherubtse college, Bhutan ? White uniform- experimentalist in the laboratory. Our ability to take wise decision is checked and controlled every time. Modern men under authoritarian government are treated like rats and rabbits under experiments in the laboratory. ? They are living in a hypnotic nausea. their life is like a dream under authoritarian. So they are negated of their reality and unable to live in the world of reality. ? Reality of life is always negated and rejected. Reality of life they forget or unaware. So story reminds them the power comes with all its might. ? Story reminds us ‘man is born free but he is everywhere in chain’ no one is happy to live in cages even if it is made out of gold. ‘How can the bird that is born for joy sit in a cage and sing’ we should not allow anyone to suppress our innate freedom and ability. Conflicts ? Ethical/emotional/physical character is most alien. ? Can comment on important issues in societies Setting 1. -Is on the turn-pike road on a cool morning in May. 2. In the testing centre where Robert Proctor is hypnotized by officials. Content The totalitarian Govt. ppears like a dictator in a way that completely destroys the human diversity. Diversity (diversification) is what makes this world, an amusing and interesting place to live in, without diversification- people of different races, religion, regional background life would be boring and dull. People should raise their ideas and opinions, all th ese opinions are to be tolerated, constructive criticism should be allowed. No one should escape from criticism. -bear all criticism with patience. If our varied ideas and opinions are taken away from us, we would end up our life like Robert Proctor. Slowly we will be transformed as automaton and compelled to live a slavish life of obedience that will be the end of all our free thinking and individuality. â€Å"Test†-the story reminds us this noble concept. By P. Baburaj, Senior Lecturer, Dept. of English, Sherubtse college, Bhutan (A model essay) Theodore Thomas, one of the vigilant writers, tries to explore the idea that one must come out of one’s shell letting the prevailing dormant dreams to germinate into reality. He shatters the totalitarian form of government through the story titled â€Å"TEST†. He provokes the true image of the modern citizen with his true prophetic writing. ‘Test’ is a fantasy in an advanced form of hypnosis. The story is futuristic and comprises the elements of science fiction. However, the story tries to explore the theme of the ethics of the power of the state to â€Å"control† its citizen. ‘Test’ is a mixture of action stories and realism whereby the story mainly focuses on humanities need for power, the power to control others ideas/opinions /self identity through government’s control because of the fear that something may happen. The protagonist, Robert Proctor, though being a good driver, came for applying for the driving license. However, he was made to undergo hypnosis where he had an experience of an accident. But as he opened his eyes and was out of the hypnotic effect the officials refused to provide him with the license as he made an accident. But instead he was dragged out of the room without a feeling of mercy on his situation. Basically they hypnotized Robert Proctor to lower his selfconfidence and prove that he’s not at all worthy to be a driver. They did so, to harness is individuality because of the fear of getting diversified. The story which is derived from the fear of diversification and self-identity reveals the fact that modern citizen is a cog in the wheel under the totalitarian form of government. He is not provided any privilege to explore his emotions and feelings. The foundation of the world is based on â€Å"control† where authoritarian always tries to maintain conformity among its citizens. People under authoritarian are living in a hypnotic nausea where their ability to make wise decision is checked and controlled. The modern citizens are no better than a rabbit or rat in the experiments. The charming wishes of modern men is crushed and injured by the policies that ‘big brothers’ implement on him. He is never provided any liberty to raise his head so that he can create a free society. The story is really relevant in the pretext of the recent developments in countries like Libya, Egypt and Oman. The realities of modern men are always suppressed. He is being watched thoroughly; all his actions are recorded and observed. Robert Proctor is like a rat or rabbit in the experiments. If he or she shares his or her opinion, the totalitarian government is ever ready to shut him or her down. Story reminds us the power comes with all its might. The time has come for us to teach the totalitarian government to suck the eggs in order to regain the lost liberty. people under authoritarian need to keep their nose to the grind stone and fight. We should remember man is born free but he is everywhere in chain. No one is glad to live in cages even if it is made out of gold. The suppressed must rise from ashes and pave the way better for their generations to come. Thus, what they have to do is to find a key for the locked cage. And they are sure that in the long run, they become victorious in their life and become inseparable from free birds. Luckily we the people of Bhutan enjoying a life of Gross National Happiness and let us sing the praise of it in now and in coming time. By P. Baburaj, Senior Lecturer, Dept. of English, Sherubtse college, Bhutan. How to cite English Literature, Essay examples

Carlsberg free essay sample

The firm specialized in businesses turnarounds and reviving distress businesses in the past decades. At this month’s meeting, David’s boss, Robert Stanley had voiced out his concerns about the amount of time taken to resolve their cases. He mentioned that although their overall business is considered profitable, but the firm’s cash inflow had become irregular considering the nature of their business. In order to be sustainable, Mr. Stanley suggested that they start looking into proposing schemes to cash-rich firms that wanted to expand, diversify or venture into profitable businesses. David, who was anxious to prove himself, readily took up the challenge when he was offered the task of pioneering the move. David immediately remembered reading somewhere that the beer and stout industries was at crossroads because of high excise duties in Malaysia. Therefore, he began his research on the industry and came up with some preliminary findings: 1. Carlsberg Brewery Malaysia Berhad (Carlsberg) was a market leader with more than a 50% share of the beer and stout market. We will write a custom essay sample on Carlsberg or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . Incorporated in 1961, Carlsberg began brewing Carlsberg Green Label Beer for the Malaysian market 2 years later. 3. Over the years, Carlsberg led the beer market in innovation, quality and product launches and campaigns. 4. Carlsberg held no less than 12 products of beer and shandy, was 51% owned by the Carlsberg group of Denmark and listed on Main Board of Bursa Malaysia, locally marketing its products via 100%v subsidiary in Carlsberg Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. 5. Since its operations, the company was able to enjoy sustainable profits, an increase from RM 14 million in 1977 to RM 138 million in 1999. . Even when profits declined, it still maintained a respectable RM 76 million in 2008. 7. Carlsberg always rewarded its shareholders well regardless of the fluctuating profits over the years. It was able to keep a stable dividend yield policy. Its dividend payments had exceeded its net profit over 7 straight years. 8. In 2008, Maybank Investment Bank analysts had reported that Carlsberg’s main competitor, Guinness Anchor Berhads (GAB) gradual gain in market share has eventually dominated the Malaysian Brewery industry. . However, Carlsberg’s Managing Director (MD), Soren Holm Jasen confidently quoted that they were on track of achieving favorable earnings for the coming year. He also added that the newly acquired Carlsberg Singapore would boost the company’s earnings by 40% 50%. THE ISSUES 1. The incurring of excise duties and taxes that accounted for more than half of the cost for a typical beer company in Malaysia. These include: a. Excise duties and ad valorem tax (49. 6%) b. Sales, distributions and administration (19. %) c. Raw materials and packaging costs (13. 1%) d. Employees costs (5. 5%) e. Depreciation (2. 2%) f. Corporation tax (2. 6%) 2. As reported in The Star on 29 July 2009, the beer and stout industry was facing tough times with the pending hike in excise duties and taxes which were on gradual increase, being the highest in Asia and second highest in the world. 3. It has been estimated that an increase in excise duties and taxes between 5% and 25% would reduce per capita consumption further by 7% to 21%. 4. Due to this increase acting as the main limiting factor, Malaysian beer and stout market has reached saturation point. 5. Carlsberg’s main competitor, GAB shares the same issue as well. THE SOLUTIONS 1. Since there is not much of a prospect for expansion in the market, a promising alternative for Carlsberg and GAB is diversification. 2. David recognized Carlsberg’s strength in its brewery operations and its bottling and marketing forces. Therefore, he saw the alternative in bottling and marketing of non-alcoholic beverages where the company can venture into a much larger market in Malaysia. 3. After analyzing Carlsberg’s and GAB’s 2008 annual reports, David was confident that his idea of manufacturing sparkling grape juice under a â€Å"Halal† brand to Carlsberg could be sold. 4. David was well aware about the successful launch of the non-alcoholic â€Å"Guinness Maltase† by Guinness many years ago. 5. He also considered a route-map to list the new company in Bursa Malaysia within the shortest time frame. 6. Based on his research, David estimated that a carbonated beverage operation under a wholly-owned subsidiary would require an investment of RM 200 million where the internal rate of return would be a likely 12%.